Immunohistochemical study of the Landolt\u27s club cells in the chicken retina

The immunohistochemical specificity of the Landolt\u27s club cells of the chicken retina were studied by the indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase bridge methods with specific antiserum against neuronal filament proteins of these cells. In the tissue, the Landolt\u27s club cells were selectively stained with the specific antiserum (antigen : isoelectric point=6.29, molecular weight=69,000). It appeared that the cells were bipolar and that the cell body lay in the superficial part of the internal nuclear layer. However, it was difficult to observe the dendrites like those of typical bipolar cells which synapse with photoreceptors. No reaction was found in ganglion cells, amacrine cells, horizontal cells and other types of bipolar cells which occupy the zone just inside the external plexiform layer. From the 6th day of tissue culture, the selectively stained bipolar cells appeared on the surface of the monolayer cells. They were small and oval with large, spherical and eccentric nuclei. The cytoplasm was slightly less dense than other neuron cells

3D Reconstruction of Wrist Bones from C-Arm Fluoroscopy Using Planar Markers

In orthopedic surgeries, such as osteotomy and osteosynthesis, an intraoperative 3D reconstruction of the bone would enable surgeons to quickly assess the fracture reduction procedure with preoperative planning. Scanners equipped with such functionality are often more expensive than a conventional C-arm fluoroscopy device. Moreover, a C-arm fluoroscopy device is commonly available in many orthopedic facilities. Based on the widespread use of such equipment, this paper proposes a method to reconstruct the 3D structure of bone with a conventional C-arm fluoroscopy device. We focus on wrist bones as the target of reconstruction in this research as this will facilitate a flexible imaging scheme. Planar markers are attached to the target object and are tracked in the fluoroscopic image for C-arm pose estimation. The initial calibration of the device is conducted using a checkerboard pattern. In general, reconstruction algorithms are sensitive to geometric calibration errors. To assess the practicality of the method for reconstruction, a simulation study demonstrating the effect of checkerboard thickness and spherical marker size on reconstruction quality was conducted