Agenda for Japanese Business in the Global Economy

This paper explores the agenda for Japanese business in the global economy. Pertinent issues are many, but five important aspects are addressed: 1) cross-cultural communication; 2) the trade imbalance problem; 3) Japan's industrialization process in historical perspective; 4) Japan's wage and employment systems; and 5) the agenda for internationalization of the Japanese chemical industry

Proposal on Non-Linear Response Analysis Method in Frequency

The objective of this report is to propose a non-linear response analysis method in frequency domain based on the stress and strain relationship of soil in frequency domain. First of all, a new model for the strain and frequency dependent characteristics between shear modulus and damping constant with respect to the complex shear modulus is proposed, considering the following two characteristics; One is the similarity of stress-strain relationship between time domain and frequency domain. The other one is a non-stationary characteristics in frequency domain caused by non-linearity of soil. A new non-linear dynamic response analysis method in frequency domain is proposed by incorporating the new model of the stress-strain relationship in frequency domain into the commonly used nonlinear response analysis method in frequency domain. The accuracy of this method is evaluated by the comparison of the analytical results obtained by two kind of non-linear dynamic response analysis codes. Hence, “YUSAYUSA2” and “SHAKE” is used as the co de in time domain, in frequency domain respectively. It is found that this proposed method is useful to take into account of nonstationary behavior caused by non-linearity of soil

Electron Beam Lithography for Large Area Patterning 4: Exposure of Resist on Internal Surface of a Through-Hole

Electron beam direct writing technologies, specifically for the large area patterning of electronic devices such as printed wiring boards, are studied in this paper. The exposure characteristics of the resist on the internal surface of a through-hole are examined. A thick film resist which is composed mainly of unsaturated acrylic resins is prepared on the internal surface of the hole by an electrodeposition process. It is proven that a 20 μm thick resist on the internal surface can be exposed efficiently by a 60 keV electron beam. This phenomenon becomes even stronger by placing a gold plated metal plate on the back of the substrate. The comparison between the experiments and the Monte Carlo calculations for electron trajectory leads to a conclusion that the exposure characteristics of the resist on the internal surface of the through-hole can be explained mainly by the behavior of backscattered electron in the hole

Optimal Transmission Scheduling for a Hybrid of Full- and Half-Duplex Relaying

Full-duplex relaying (FDR), i.e., simultaneous transmission and reception using the same frequency channel at a radio relay, can be used to achieve a spectral efficiency higher than that in the case of half-duplex relaying (HDR) if loop-back interference is well-managed. To achieve spectral efficiency that is higher than that achieved when using FDR and HDR separately, an optimal transmission-scheduling scheme for an FDR-HDR hybrid is proposed. The scheme is formulated as an optimization problem. The conditions required to achieve the maximum spectral efficiency are determined analytically. Numerical results confirm that the proposed scheme is superior to FDR and HDR

Morphological Observations of Rabbit Gastric Fundus Cells in Primary Culture

The morphological properties of the cells isolated from rabbit gastric fundus and the cells grown on a collagen gel sheet were investigated, using both light and scanning electron microscopes. The cells used for this study were obtained in the form of lumps from the isthmus region. The lumps consisted of 4 different types of cells (mucous and immatured cells, and a small number of chief and parietal cells). These isolated cells were then grow on collagen gel in a defined medium. However, two of those cells (chief and parietal cells) gradually disappeared as the culture time progressed. The majority of the cells grown on the gel were found to be mucous and assorted unidentified cells. The mucous cells were covered with many short microvilli, and many PAS positive granules in their cytoplasm. Some of those cells were covered with a mucous like substance. Judging from the staining properties of each cell, the unidentified cells appeared to indicate that they were immature cells. It was found that the cell's morphology and population retained constant regardless of whether Bh-EGF was administered or not