Unified Quantification of Quantum Defects in Small-Diameter Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Raman Spectroscopy

The covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with luminescent quantum defects enables their application as near-infrared single-photon sources, as optical sensors, and for in-vivo tissue imaging. Tuning the emission wavelength and defect density are crucial for these applications. While the former can be controlled by different synthetic protocols and is easily measured, defect densities are still determined as relative rather than absolute values, limiting the comparability between different nanotube batches and chiralities. Here, we present an absolute and unified quantification metric for the defect density in SWCNT samples based on Raman spectroscopy. It is applicable to a range of small-diameter nanotubes and for arbitrary laser wavelengths. We observe a clear inverse correlation of the D/G$^{+}$ ratio increase with nanotube diameter, indicating that curvature effects contribute significantly to the defect-activation of Raman modes. Correlation of intermediate frequency modes with defect densities further corroborates their activation by defects and provides additional quantitative metrics for the characterization of functionalized SWCNTs

Massively parallel single-cell genomics of microbiomes in rice paddies

世界初のイネ根圏微生物叢の網羅的1細胞ゲノム解析に成功 --コメ生産現場が抱える問題のデータベース化に向けて--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-11-09.Plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPMs) have attracted increasing attention because they may be useful in increasing crop yield in a low-input and sustainable manner to ensure food security. Previous studies have attempted to understand the principles underlying the rhizosphere ecology and interactions between plants and PGPMs using ribosomal RNA sequencing, metagenomic sequencing, and genome-resolved metagenomics; however, these approaches do not provide comprehensive genomic information for individual species and do not facilitate detailed analyses of plant–microbe interactions. In the present study, we developed a pipeline to analyze the genomic diversity of the rice rhizosphere microbiome at single-cell resolution. We isolated microbial cells from paddy soil and determined their genomic sequences by using massively parallel whole-genome amplification in microfluidic-generated gel capsules. We successfully obtained 3, 237 single-amplified genomes in a single experiment, and these genomic sequences provided insights into microbial functions in the paddy ecosystem. Our approach offers a promising platform for gaining novel insights into the roles of microbes in the rice rhizomicrobiome and to develop microbial technologies for improved and sustainable rice production

ジンソクナ バイスタンダー シンパイ ソセイホウ ニヨリ トツゼンシ オ マヌガレ シャカイ フッキ デキタ コウコウセイ ノ 2 ショウレイ

Bystander CPR means that people who find cardiopulmonary arrest perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation on the spot. Quick CPR contributes to increase in the rate of returning to the society as well as one-month survival rate and neurological prognosis. We report our experience with two high school students who underwent quick Bystander CPR, avoided sudden death, and returned to the society. ［Case 1］ Eighteen-year-old man : He collapsed suddenly in his home. Bystander CPR was performed by his family until emergency crews arrived there. Automated external defibrillator （AED） worked twice and his heartbeat started again. In electrocardiogram, coved type ST elevation in lead V1 was observed, and he was diagnosed as Brugada syndrome. We implanted an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Since his condition was stable, he was discharged on the 19th day. ［Case 2］ Seventeen-year-old woman : She collapsed suddenly walking with her family. Her father confirmed that she had no response, and started Bystander CPR. Her father got AED quickly and AED worked once, and she started to breathe again. She was admitted to our hospital for a work-up. Torsades de pointes （TdP） was observed in monitor electrocardiogram, and her QTc time was 513 msec in 12‐lead electrocardiogram. She was diagnosed as congenital long QT syndrome because genetic test showed that she had LQT2. Her QTc time was improved （approximately 350 msec） by medication, and she was discharged on the 25th day. Utstein-style statistics in Japan shows that the rate of returning to the society can be doubled by performing Bystander CPR on patients with cardiopulmonary arrest. However, performing rate of Bystander CPR is less than 50％ in Japan. In order to increase survival rate of patients with cardiopulmonary arrest for the future, it is important to inform people about CPR and to promote CPR, and in fact, we have been promoting CPR

両面研磨におけるウェハ挙動の解析技術の開発

金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系ウェハ製造に用いられる両面研磨加工において，加工現象の理解に重要であるウェハ挙動は未だ解明されていない．これに対し，本研究では，ウェハと上下の定盤，キャリアとの接触により生じる力とモーメントのつりあいに着目した，ウェハ挙動の解析技術の開発を行う．本報では，上下の定盤との接触により生じる圧力分布を一様とした条件において解析を行い，研磨条件によるウェハ挙動の違いを明らかにする.出版者照会後に全文公

数値解析による短パルス電解加工特性の検討

金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系電解加工においては，数十nsの超短パルス電圧の使用により極間距離が数μmとなり，マイクロ加工が可能となっている．大面積の加工においても同様な効果が期待できるが，加工面積に比例して流れる総電流が増加するため，加工回路のインピーダンスの影響が大きくなる．そこで本研究では，電気二重層を考慮した極間の電位分布の数値解析と，加工電源の回路方程式を連成解析することで，加工電源のインピーダンスの影響を検討した.出版者照会後に全文公

積層造形物の変形抑止法に関する研究: 熱構造連成解析による変形挙動の考察

金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系積層造形法は，3次元CADデータをもとに薄い金属粉末層にレーザを照射する工程を繰り返すことで立体形状を得る加工法である．この手法で製作したモデルは，レーザ照射にともなって熱変形を生じ，寸法精度の低下をもたらす．これまでの実験により粉末と土台の組み合わせにより異なる挙動を示すことが分かっている．本研究では，熱構造連成解析により造形中のモデルの温度分布の推定を行い，変形メカニズムを詳細に調査した．出版者照会後に全文公