356 research outputs found
A Reinvestigation of Moving Punctured Black Holes with a New Code
We report on our code, in which the moving puncture method is applied and an
adaptive/fixed mesh refinement is implemented, and on its preliminary
performance on black hole simulations. Based on the BSSN formulation,
up-to-date gauge conditions and the modifications of the formulation are also
implemented and tested. In this work we present our primary results about the
simulation of a single static black hole, of a moving single black hole, and of
the head-on collision of a binary black hole system. For the static punctured
black hole simulations, different modifications of the BSSN formulation are
applied. It is demonstrated that both the currently used sets of modifications
lead to a stable evolution. For cases of a moving punctured black hole with or
without spin, we search for viable gauge conditions and study the effect of
spin on the black hole evolution. Our results confirm previous results obtained
by other research groups. In addition, we find a new gauge condition, which has
not yet been adopted by any other researchers, which can also give stable and
accurate black hole evolution calculations. We examine the performance of the
code for the head-on collision of a binary black hole system, and the agreement
of the gravitational waveform it produces with that obtained in other works. In
order to understand qualitatively the influence of matter on the binary black
hole collisions, we also investigate the same head-on collision scenarios but
perturbed by a scalar field. The numerical simulations performed with this code
not only give stable and accurate results that are consistent with the works by
other numerical relativity groups, but also lead to the discovery of a new
viable gauge condition, as well as clarify some ambiguities in the modification
of the BSSN formulation.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in PR
Broussonetia papyrifera Root Bark Extract Exhibits Anti-inflammatory Effects on Adipose Tissue and Improves Insulin Sensitivity Potentially Via AMPK Activation
The chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue plays a causal role in obesity-induced insulin resistance and its associated pathophysiological consequences. In this study, we investigated the effects of extracts of Broussonetia papyrifera root bark (PRE) and its bioactive components on inflammation and insulin sensitivity. PRE inhibited TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappa B transcriptional activity in the NF-kappa B luciferase assay and pro-inflammatory genes' expression by blocking phosphorylation of I kappa B and NF-kappa B in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which were mediated by activating AMPK. Ten-week-high fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL6 male mice treated with PRE had improved glucose intolerance and decreased inflammation in adipose tissue, as indicated by reductions in NF-kappa B phosphorylation and pro-inflammatory genes' expression. Furthermore, PRE activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and reduced lipogenic genes' expression in both adipose tissue and liver. Finally, we identified broussoflavonol B (BF) and kazinol J (KJ) as bioactive constituents to suppress pro-inflammatory responses via activating AMPK in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Taken together, these results indicate the therapeutic potential of PRE, especially BF or KJ, in metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes
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