A wideband base station antenna with reduced beam squint

© 2018 Institution of Engineering and Technology.All Rights Reserved. This paper presents the design procedure, theoretical analysis, and experimental results of a novel wideband dual-polarized base station antenna. The proposed antenna consists of four electric folded dipoles arranged in an octagon shape that are excited simultaneously for each polarization. It provides the ±45° slant-polarized radiation that meets all the required specifications for base station antenna elements. Experimental results show that the proposed dual-polarized antenna has a wide bandwidth of 46.4% from 1.69 GHz to 2.71 GHz with 15 dB return loss. Across this wide bandwidth, the variations of the half-power-beamwidths (HPBWs) of the two polarizations are all within 66.5° ± 5.5°, port-to-port isolation is > 30 dB, the cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) is > 20 dB and, most importantly, the beam squint is < 4° with a maximum 10° down-tilt

A Novel Dual-Polarized Planar Antenna

© 2018 IEEE. A wideband dual-polarized antenna with a novel planar configuration is presented for base station applications. Two groups of simple dipoles are fed by two microstrip feed networks to achieve ±45° polarizations. A novel feeding technique that leads to a planar configuration is described. Measured results show that excellent matching and stable radiation performances are achieved over a wide band

A Thz single-polarization-single-mode (spsm) photonic crystal fiber based on epsilon-near-zero material

© COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. To overcome the crosstalk happening between two degenerately fundamental modes of a fiber in Terahertz (THz) regime, a novel photonic crystal fiber (PCF) that yields a wide range of single-polarization-single-mode (SPSM) propagation with large loss differences (LDs) is designed. The method used to realize this SPSM PCF is to deposit an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) material in four selected air holes in the cladding, which ends up with four ENZ rings. These ENZ rings introduce significant LDs between the wanted (X-polarized) and unwanted (Y-polarized and high order) modes. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the LDs between the wanted and unwanted modes vary with the thickness of ENZ rings. With a very short length (4 cm) of the proposed PCF, pure SPSM propagation, i.e., the unwanted modes are 20 dB lower than the wanted mode, can be achieved from 1 to 1.2 THz

Wideband Planarized Dual-Linearly-Polarized Dipole Antenna and Its Integration for Dual-Circularly-Polarized Radiation

© 2002-2011 IEEE. A planarized dual-linearly-polarized (dual-LP) antenna and an integrated dual-circularly-polarized (dual-CP) antenna are proposed in this letter. For the dual-LP antenna, two groups of dipoles are fed by two balun-included feed networks to achieve ±45° polarizations. The feed networks and the radiators are printed on two sides of a substrate, forming a fully planar structure. Taking advantage of its planar configuration, the dual-LP antenna is further integrated with a wideband coupler to realize dual-CP radiation. The coupler is bent and squeezed into the space between the radiators and the reflector, leading to a compact structure. Both the dual-LP antenna and the dual-CP antenna have very stable radiation performances across a wide operating band >66%

Gamma-correction-based visibility restoration for single hazy images

© 1994-2012 IEEE. In this letter, a concise gamma-correction-based dehazing model (GDM) is proposed. This GDM explicitly describes the inner relationship between the gamma correction (GC) and the traditional scattering model. Combined with the existing priori constraints, GDM is further approximated into a one-dimensional (1-D) function to seek the only unknown constant that is used for haze removal. Using the determined constant, the scene albedo can be recovered, eliminating the haze from single hazy images. The proposed GDM is able to suppress the halo/blocking artifacts in the recovered results due to the scene albedo, which is less sensitive to the determined constant. Simulation results on different types of benchmark images verify that the proposed technique outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of both recovery, quality, and real-time performance

High birefringent ENZ photonic crystal fibers

© 2018 IEEE. A novel photonic crystal fiber (PCF) design that has a simple circular air hole configuration is reported that yields a very high birefringence. The enhanced birefringence is achieved by filling a select number of the air holes in its cladding with an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) material to break the index symmetry of its X- A nd Y-polarization states. Comparisons of initial numerical simulations based on ideal ENZ materials and then those based on realistic ones demonstrate that the high birefringence property is still maintainable with currently available ENZ materials

A novel base station antenna based on rectangular waveguide

© 2016 IEICE. A novel base station antenna element is proposed. It consists of a surface of parallel strips to rotate the polarization direction and a segment of a rectangular waveguide. The surface is designed on a single-sided substrate, which has the same area as the aperture of the waveguide. In assembling, the non-copper side of the substrate is placed in direct contact with the aperture of the waveguide antenna. To achieve the polarization rotation, the parallel strips on the surface are rotated by 45° with respect to the walls of the waveguide antenna. By adding the surface, the linear polarization direction of the rectangular waveguide antenna is rotated by 45° to comply with the requirements of cellular industry. SMA connector with a conical probe is used as the coaxial-to-waveguide adaptor. Results have shown that the proposed antenna has a fractional impedance bandwidth of 35%, and a stable radiation pattern is also achieved

Cavity-Backed Proximity-Coupled Reconfigurable Microstrip Antenna with Agile Polarizations and Steerable Beams

© 1963-2012 IEEE. A major challenge for a combined reconfigurable antenna is to realize both polarization switching and beam steering independently in a compact antenna structure. A cavity-backed proximity-coupled reconfigurable microstrip antenna proposed in this communication provides an efficient solution. Beam lead p-i-n diodes DSM8100-000 are employed as switching elements to achieve reconfiguration. Three different linear polarizations (0°, 45°, and 90°) are realized by switching the diodes on a proximity-coupled feed network. For each polarization state, the main beam can be steered to three directions by using a reconfigurable parasitic-element network. The parasitic-element network is printed on the same plane of the radiating patch, thereby making the antenna compact. This antenna has nine different working modes, and for all the working modes, the reflection coefficients are below -10 dB with the measured realized gains ranging from 7.2 to 8.1 dBi

Wideband Matching of Full-Wavelength Dipole with Reflector for Base Station

© 1963-2012 IEEE. This communication introduces a wideband hybrid feeding method for full-wavelength dipole antennas with a reflector. A full-wavelength dipole is designed to cover the band from 698 to 960 MHz for cellular base station applications. Its matching circuit consists of a triple-tuned circuit and a quasi-quarter-wavelength impedance transformer. The proposed matching circuit can provide balanced feeding as a balun and has a compact size. The working mechanism and a complete design scheme of the proposed matching circuit are elaborated. The matching circuit is designed and optimized using a circuit theory model and then physically realized using microstrip lines based on full-wave simulation. The measured reflection coefficient |S-{11}| is lesser than -14 dB across the entire band from 698 to 960 MHz, exhibiting a bandwidth of 32%. This is the first time that a wideband center-fed full-wavelength dipole is proposed