コリアゴ ガクシュウシャ ノ ドウキヅケ ニ ツイテノ テイリョウテキ ブンセキ ノ ココロミ カンコク ガッコウ ト コウリツ ガッコウ ノ ガクシュウシャ ヲ タイショウ トシテ

本研究は、第二言語動機づけ自己システムの枠組みを適用し、コリア語動機づけの構造と、コリア語の位置づけ（外国語、母語・継承語）や生育歴（日本居住歴）による動機づけの強さの違いを分析するものである。日本の公立学校の生徒（312名）と韓国学校の生徒（150名）を対象に第二言語動機づけ自己システムの質問紙調査を実施した。多母集団同時比較を用いた確認的因子分析の結果から、両者に「理想自己」「義務自己」「学習経験」の３因子構造が共通して適用できるものの、因子間の関連には違いが見られた。韓国学校の生徒と公立学校の生徒の尺度得点を比較すると、理想自己には有意な差は見られなかった。一方、韓国学校の生徒の義務自己の尺度得点は公立学校の生徒より有意に高く、学習経験の尺度得点は公立学校の生徒より低かった。また、韓国学校の生徒について生育歴による違いを分析したところ、日本生まれの生徒は出生後に来日した生徒より義務自己と学習経験のスコアが低かった。The study applies the framework of the L2 motivational self-system to the motivation of Korean language learning and examines the differences in motivational strength depending on the Korean language status (foreign language or first/heritage language) and the history of upbringing (length of residence in Japan). We administered the L2 motivational self-system questionnaire scale to 312 Japanese public school students and 150 Korean school students. The results of confirmatory factor analysis using multi-population comparison revealed a three-factor structure of“ ideal L2 self,”“ ought-to L2 self,” and“ learning experience” for the students of both schools. However, the relationship among the factors differed between the two groups. Comparing the scale scores of the Korean school students and the public school students showed no significant difference for the ideal L2 self scale. Korean school students scored significantly higher for the ought-to L2 self scale, while they scored significantly lower for the learning experience than Japanese public school students. Analysis of the differences in Korean school students by the history of upbringing showed that students born in Japan had lower scores on ought-to L2 self and learning experience than those who came to Japan after birth.研究ノートResearch Note

Phosphorylation of p90RSK is associated with increased response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in ER-positive breast cancer

Abstract Background The clinical implication of Ras/Raf/ERK pathway activity in breast cancer tissue and its association with response to chemotherapy is controversial. We aimed to explore the value of p90RSK phosphorylation, a downstram molecule of the pathway, in predicting chemotherapy response in breast cancer. Methods The expression of phosphorylated p90RSK (phospho-p90RSK) and chemotherapy response was measured in 11 breast cancer cell lines and 21 breast cancer tissues. The predictive value of phospho-p90RSK was validated in core needle biopsy specimens of 112 locally advanced breast cancer patients who received anthracycline and taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Results In 11 breast cancer cell lines, the relative expression of phospho-p90RSK was inversely correlated with cell survival after doxorubicin treatment (p = 0.021). Similar association was observed in fresh tissues from 21 breast cancer patients in terms of clinical response. In paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissues from core needle biopsy tissues from 112 patients, positive phospho-p90RSK expression was associated with greater tumor shrinkage and smaller post-chemotherapy tumor size. The association between phospho-p90RSK expression and chemotherapy response was more evident in estrogen receptor(ER)-positive tumors. The expression of phosphor-p90RSK did not show a significant relationship with the incidence of pCR. P90RSK silencing using siRNA did not affect the cancer cell’s response to doxorubicin, and the expression of phospho-p90RSK was highly correlated with other Ras/Raf/ERK pathway activation. Conclusion Our results suggest that phospho-p90RSK expression, which reflects the tumor’s Ras/Raf/ERK/p90RSK pathway activation can be a potential predictive marker for chemotherapy response in ER-positive breast cancer which needs further independent validation.</p