Simultaneous Evaporation Cu and Sn from Liquid Steel

In order to understand evaporation refining of tramp elements in molten ferrous scrap, Cu and Sn, a series of experiments were carried out using liquid-gas reaction in a levitation melting equipment. Effect of S and C, which are abundant in hot metal from ironmaking process, was examined and analyzed by employing a comprehensive evaporation kinetic model developed by the present authors (Jung et al. in Metall Mater Trans B 46B:250-258, 2014; Jung et al. in Metall Mater Trans B 46B:259-266, 2014; Jung et al. in Metall Mater Trans B 46B:267-277, 2014; Jung and Kang in Metall Mater Trans B ExternalRef RefSource10.1007/s11663-016-0601-5RefSource RefTarget Address="10.1007/s11663-016-0601-5" TargetType="DOI" ExternalRef, 2016). Evaporation of Cu and Sn were treated by evaporation of individual species such as Cu(g), CuS(g), Sn(g), and SnS(g), along with CS2(g). Decrease of Cu and Sn content in liquid steel was in good agreement with the model prediction. Optimum conditions of steel composition for the rapid evaporation of Cu and Sn were proposed by utilizing the model predictions.1132Ysciescopu

Effect of alendronate on bone remodeling around implant in the rat

published_or_final_versio

UV Photofunctionalization Effect on Bone Graft in Critical One-Wall Defect around Implant: A Pilot Study in Beagle Dogs

published_or_final_versio

Vaccinia-related kinase 1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma by controlling the levels of cell cycle regulators associated with G1/S transition

We identified the specific role of vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluated its therapeutic and prognostic potential. VRK1 levels were significantly higher in HCC cell lines than a normal hepatic cell line, and were higher in HCC than non-tumor tissue. VRK1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of SK-Hep1, SH-J1 and Hep3B cells; moreover, depletion of VRK1 suppressed HCC tumor growth in vivo. We also showed that VRK1 knockdown increased the number of G1 arrested cells by decreasing cyclin D1 and p-Rb while upregulating p21 and p27, and that VRK1 depletion downregulated phosphorylation of CREB, a transcription factor regulating CCND1. Additionally, we found that luteolin, a VRK1 inhibitor, suppressed HCC growth in vitro and in vivo, and that the aberrant VRK1 expression correlated with poor prognostic features of HCC. High levels of VRK1 were associated with shorter overall and disease-free survival and higher recurrence rates. Taken together, our findings suggest VRK1 may act as a tumor promoter by controlling the level of cell cycle regulators associated with G1/S transition and could potentially serve as a therapeutic target and/or prognostic biomarker for HCC.1110Ysciescopu

Evaporation Mechanism of Sn and SnS from Liquid Fe: Part III. Effect of C on Sn Removal

To understand the effect of C on Sn evaporation from liquid iron in the view of ferrous scrap recycling, the evaporation of Sn from various liquid Fe-C-S-Sn alloys was experimentally investigated. A series of gas-liquid reactions was carried out at 1873 K (1600 degrees C) using an electromagnetic levitation melting technique, where mass transfers in gas phase and liquid phase did not significantly affect the reaction rate. It was found that CS2(g) is a major gas species evaporating from Fe-C-S alloy (initial S content [pct S](0): 0.028 to 0.502 mass pct), and Fe-C-S-Sn alloy ([pct S](0): 0.063 to 0.560 mass pct), thereby competing with SnS for S in the liquid alloy. A model equation for the evaporation rate of CS2(g) was established using the experimental data for the Fe-C-S alloys. The chemical reaction rate constant for the CS2(g) evaporation (k(CS2)(R)) was obtained as 4.24 x 10(-12) m(7) mol(-2) s(-1), and the residual rate constant (k(CS2)(r)) was 4.24 x 10(-16) m(7) mol(-2) s(-1), both at 1873 K (1600 degrees C). Roll of C on the evaporation of Sn in Fe-C-Sn alloy was confirmed to be the increase of activity coefficient of Sn. By taking into account (1) the evaporation of Sn(g), SnS(g), and CS2(g), and (2) the increasing activity coefficient of Sn and S by C, a comprehensive model for the evaporation rate of Sn and S in the Fe-C-Sn-S alloy was developed. The calculation results by the developed model in the present study showed good agreement with the experimental results. Some applications of the current model are presented in the view of increasing the Sn removal rate.open1135Nsciescopu

Evaporation Mechanism of Sn and SnS from Liquid Fe: Part II: Residual Site and Evaporation Kinetics via Sn(g) and SnS(g)

Evaporation of Sn from molten steel was experimentally investigated for Fe-Sn-S alloy with low initial S (0.0007<[pct S] 0< 0.05) or with high initial S (0.55<[pct S](0) < 0.894) at 1873 K (1600 degrees C) using an electromagnetic levitation melting technique, in order to clarify the role of S on the evaporation mechanism of Sn. It was found that increasing initial S concentration, [pct S](0), decreased the second-order evaporation rate constant of Sn (k(SnS)), but there was a residual rate for the evaporation even at high [pct S](0). The obtained residual rate constant, k(SnS)(r) , was 1.4 x 10(-9) m(4) mol(-1) s(-1) at 1873 K (1600 degrees C). Evaporation of Sn under virtually no S condition ([pct S](0) = 0.0007) was also measured and corresponding first-order rate constant was determined to be 3.49 x 10(-7) m s(-1) at 1873 K (1600 degrees C). A comprehensive model for the Sn evaporation from molten Fe-Sn-S alloy was developed in the present study, under the condition where mass transfer in gas and liquid phases were fast and interfacial chemical reaction controlled the evaporation of Sn. The model equation is able to represent the evaporation of Sn in the forms of Sn(g) and SnS(g) simultaneously, from very low S melt (when there is no S) to very high S melt investigated in the present study up to similar to 0.9 mass pct. Gradual transition of major evaporation species from SnS(g) to Sn(g) was well accounted for by the developed model.open1146Nsciescopu

Transport Spectroscopy of Symmetry-Broken Insulating States in Bilayer Graphene

The flat bands in bilayer graphene(BLG) are sensitive to electric fields E\bot directed between the layers, and magnify the electron-electron interaction effects, thus making BLG an attractive platform for new two-dimensional (2D) electron physics[1-5]. Theories[6-16] have suggested the possibility of a variety of interesting broken symmetry states, some characterized by spontaneous mass gaps, when the electron-density is at the carrier neutrality point (CNP). The theoretically proposed gaps[6,7,10] in bilayer graphene are analogous[17,18] to the masses generated by broken symmetries in particle physics and give rise to large momentum-space Berry curvatures[8,19] accompanied by spontaneous quantum Hall effects[7-9]. Though recent experiments[20-23] have provided convincing evidence of strong electronic correlations near the CNP in BLG, the presence of gaps is difficult to establish because of the lack of direct spectroscopic measurements. Here we present transport measurements in ultra-clean double-gated BLG, using source-drain bias as a spectroscopic tool to resolve a gap of ~2 meV at the CNP. The gap can be closed by an electric field E\bot \sim13 mV/nm but increases monotonically with a magnetic field B, with an apparent particle-hole asymmetry above the gap, thus providing the first mapping of the ground states in BLG.Comment: 4 figure

Meniscus tear developed by pulling of the anomalous insertion of medial meniscus on anterior cruciate ligament

There is no report regarding a medial meniscus tear arising from an anomalous insertion of medial meniscus on the ACL, which seemed to be developed by the same mechanism as ACL tear. A case of a combined medial meniscus tear with ACL tear in the presence of an anomalous insertion of the medial meniscus on the ACL is reported

Position certainty propagation: a location service for MANETs

International audienceLocalization in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is an issue of great interest, especially in applications such as the IoT and VANETs. We propose a solution that overcomes two limiting characteristics of these types of networks. The first is the high cost of nodes with a location sensor (such as GPS) which we will refer to as anchor nodes. The second is the low computational capability of nodes in the network. The proposed algorithm addresses two issues; self-localization where each non-anchor node should discover its own position, and global localization where a node establishes knowledge of the position of all the nodes in the network. We address the problem as a graph where vertices are nodes in the network and edges indicate connectivity between nodes. The weights of edges represent the Euclidean distance between the nodes. Given a graph with at least three anchor nodes and knowing the maximum communication range for each node, we are able to localize nodes using fairly simple computations in a moderately dense graph