増加・多様化する在留外国人 : ｢ポスト中国」の新段階の変化に着目して ( 特集号論文 )

1970年代以降，日本では在留外国人が増加し，国籍別の構成にも大きな変化がみられるようになった。本稿では，特定の外国人集団のみに焦点を当てるのではなく，多様な在日外国人の動向を日本全体でとらえることに努めた。とりわけ，2008年のリーマンショックおよび2011年の東日本大震災を契機とする在日外国人を取り巻く状況の大きな変化を明らかにし，その要因について考察することを目的とした。第二次世界大戦後の在日外国人の動向とその背景について，第1期（1970年代以前），第2期（1980年代～2008年），そして第3期（2009年以降～現在）に分けて検討した。特にリーマンショックおよび日本大震災の影響を受けた第3期は，在日外国人の状況が，これまでと大きく異なる新しい段階に入ったことを指摘した。すなわち日系ブラジル人の減少，および「ポスト中国」として，ベトナム人，ネパール人などの留学生・技能実習生の急激な増加がみられた。外国人ニューカマーは，ホスト社会の日本で多様な適応戦略を採っているが，それらの中でも特徴的な中国大陸出身者が経営する「台湾料理店」，およびネパール人の「インド・ネパール料理店」の経営の背景に借り傘戦略があることを明らかにした

Right adrenal vein identification using unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging

Purpose: Unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is known to be useful in characterizing adrenal adenomas through the implementation of in-phase (IPI) and opposed-phase imaging (OPI) based on chemical shift artifacts. However, whether unenhanced MRI can contribute to the identification of right adrenal vein (RAV) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of unenhanced MRI for the identification of RAV. Material and methods: This retrospective study reviewed 30 patients (16 men; median age 60 years; range 34-76 years) who underwent MRI and subsequent adrenal venous sampling (AVS). Chemical shift MRI was acquired using echo times of 2.3 ms (OPI) and 4.6 ms (IPI) with a slice thickness of 3 mm and a gap of 1 mm. T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) was also performed. Identification of RAVs was performed by 2 independent radiologists. Inter-observer agreement on a 3-point rating scale was evaluated using κ statistics. The identification rate of RAVs was compared between OPI, IPI, and T2WI using McNemar’s test. Results: Good inter-observer agreement was found for the OPI (κ = 0.744), whereas fair agreement was obtained for both other sequences (IPI: κ = 0.375; T2WI: 0.348). For both raters, the identification rate of RAVs was higher with OPI (36/60; 60.0%) than with other sequences (IPI: 16/60, 26.7%; T2WI: 9/60, 15.0%; p < 0.05, each). Conclusions: OPI may play a screening role in the identification of RAVs preceding AVS, which could reduce the required radiation exposure and doses of contrast agent

Discordant Immune Marker Expression Between Preoperatively Biopsied and Matched Surgically Resected Specimens in Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor-associated immune cell (TAIC) density can be the biomarkers of survival outcome and for predicting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but whether single biopsy accurately reflects the values of these parameters in resected specimens is unclear. To clarify this, we evaluated the concordance of immune marker expression (PD-L1, PD-1, CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD68) between 39 paired biopsied and surgically resected specimens obtained from patients with OSCC at Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital between July 2011 and January 2016. Immune marker expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry. PD-L1 expression was consistent between the biopsied and surgically resected specimens in only 76.9% of cases. TAIC density was significantly lower in biopsied than in surgically resected specimens. There was considerable discordance in immune marker expression between biopsied and surgically resected specimens. We should take into consideration that PD-L1 positivity and TAIC density would be underestimated by single small biopsies compared to the estimations by surgically resected specimens

九州における高冷地の土地利用と集落の発展 : 九重山北麓飯田高原の場合

添付資料：飯田高原中央部の土地利用

Bortezomib-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone induction/consolidation and bortezomib maintenance for transplant-eligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: phase 2 multicenter trial

[Objectives:] We conducted a phase II trial to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of bortezomib-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone (VCD) induction, autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), VCD consolidation, and bortezomib maintenance in transplant-eligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients in Japan (UMIN000010542). [Methods:] From 2013 to 2016, 42 patients with a median age of 58 (range 42–65) years with NDMM were enrolled in 15 centers. The primary endpoint was the complete response (CR) /stringent CR (sCR) rate after transplantation, and overall/progression-free survival rates were also evaluated. [Results:] Following induction therapy, the overall response rate was obtained in 71% of patients, including a CR/sCR of 10% and a very good partial response (VGPR) of 26%. Twenty-six of the 42 patients completed ASCT following the protocol and CR/sCR and VGPR rate 100 days after ASCT was 26% and 17%, respectively. During consolidation therapy, 3 of the 24 patients achieved deeper responses. Eight of the 18 patients completed 2-year bortezomib maintenance without disease progression and grade 3/4 toxicities. Five patients were VGPR or partial response after ASCT but maintained response with 2-year bortezomib maintenance. Two-year overall and progression-free survival rates were 92.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 78.5%−97.5%) and 62.6% (95% CI: 45.8%−75.5%), respectively. Grade 3/4 toxicities (≥ 10%) included neutropenia (19%) and anemia (17%) in induction, and thrombocytopenia (29%) in consolidation. [Conclusion:] VCD induction/consolidation and bortezomib maintenance with ASCT for NDMM resulted in a high CR/sCR rate and provided good overall/progression-free survival in Japan

2-d Adaptive mesh refinement using 'floating nodes method ' and electric field intensity as a criterion

The generation of suitable fine mesh divisions is essential to obtan two -dimensional electric field analysis solutions with desired accuracy. This process , however, requires considerable technical knowledge and experience. To solve this kind of problem, adaptive methods prove effective. In electric field problems, for example, researches are usually interested in the values of electric field intensity and its distributions. In this paper, we have developed an h-adaptive refinement procedure by generating new nodes inside initial rough mesh and improved the shape of the finite elements by using a ' floating nodes method'. For both procedures, electric field intensity values were used as criteria