Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Phosphorus. I : On the Syntheses of Five Membered Monothio Phosphates

Cyclic monothio phosphates were prepared by the reaction of glycols and thio phosphoryl chloride. Their characteristics are shown in Table 2, 3 and 4. In order to confirm the structure, a series of cyclic phosphites of known construction were allowed to react with sulfur to give cyclic monothio phosphates, and physical and analytical data show that the products prepared by the both methods were the same ones

Chemistry of Aerofloats and Xanthates. I : Oxidation and Chlorination of O, O-Dialkyl Dithiophosphoric Acids

O, O-dialkyl dithiophosphoric acids were prepared by the usual method and were subjected to distillation in vacuo. O, O-diethyl dithiophosphoric acid (b. p. 92-94C at 9mm) was treated with chlorine and tetraethyl tetrathio phosphate and chloride were obtained

Reaction of Aromatic Alcohols with Phosphorous Pentasulfide

The reaction of aromatic alcohols and phosphorous pentasulfide has been studied. Primary alcohols and some of the secondary alcohols bearing aryl and alkyl groups yielded O, O-diaralkyl hydrogen phosphorodithioates as primary product and these acid esters decomposed easily by heat to give hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, thioethers and unsaturated hydrocarbons. While the secondary alcohols containing only aryl groups and tertiary alcohols gave only unsaturated hydrocarbons

On the Addition Reactions of Sulfur to Arylphosphites in the Presence of Aluminum Chloride

Application of anhydrous aluminum chloride to the reactions of arylphosphites and sulfur resulted in the formation of unexpected thiophosphates. These reactions may be written by the following equations. (RO)PCl_2+S AlCl_3→(RO)P(S)Cl_2……(1) 2(RO)PCl_2+2S AlCl_3→(RO)_2P(S)Cl+PSCl_3……(2) 3(RO)PCl_2+3S AlCl_3→(RO)_3P(S)+2PSCl_3……(3) (RO)_2PCl+S AlCl_3→(RO)_2P(S)Cl……(4) 3(RO)_2PCl+3S AlCl_3→2(RO)_3P(S)+PSCl_3……(5) In the case of selenium, the reactions corresponding (3) and (5) governed the whole ones and tertiary seleno-phosphates (ArO)_3P(Se) were formed, but the researches on the formation of a phosphorus seleno chloride was remained for future

Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Phosphorus. II : On the Formation and Cleavage of Cyclic Thiophosphates

Ethane-1, 2-bis-(dichlorothiophosphate) was prepared by the action of phosphorus sulfochloride on sodium ethylene diglycoholate. Cyclic chlorothiophosphates reported in previous manuscribt were synthesised by the reaction between phosphorus sulfochloride and sodium monoglycoholates derived from the corresponding glycohols. Attempts to lead the chlorothiophosphates to tertiary thiophosphates with sodium ethoxide resulted in failure because of the formation of ring cleavaged products. The products may have a structure of OH-CH_2-CH__-__R-OP(S)(OR)_2 or OH-CH__-__R-CH_2-OP(S)(OR)_2, where R represents alkyl radical and R do alkyl or hydrogen. The rates of esterification showed that the products had the structure of the latter except where R was hydrogen

Polarographic and emf Studies of the Reaction between Ethyl Xanthate and Cadmium (II) ion

The reduction of cadmium (II) ion in the presence of excess of potassium ethyl xanthate was studied on the dropping mercury electrode, and emf measurements were carried out by using cadmium amalgam electrode. The d. c. polarogram gave a well-defined wave which corresponded to the one of reduction of cadmium (II) ion to cadmium amalgam. By employing polarographic method, the composition of a complex between ethyl xanthate and cadmium (II) ions was found to be Cd (EX)_4^ (β_4=4×10^). From emf measurements, nearly the same results were obtained without any assumption, and the absence of Cd (EX)_3^- was suggested

Modulation of anti-cancer drug sensitivity through the regulation of mitochondrial activity by adenylate kinase 4

Background: Adenylate kinase is a key enzyme in the high-energy phosphoryl transfer reaction in living cells. An isoform of this enzyme, adenylate kinase 4 (AK4), is localized in the mitochondrial matrix and is believed to be involved in stress, drug resistance, malignant transformation in cancer, and ATP regulation. However, the molecular basis for the AK4 functions remained to be determined. Methods: HeLa cells were transiently transfected with an AK4 small interfering RNA (siRNA), an AK4 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) plasmid, a control shRNA plasmid, an AK4 expression vector, and a control expression vector to examine the effect of the AK4 expression on cell proliferation, sensitivity to anti-cancer drug, metabolome, gene expression, and mitochondrial activity. Results: AK4 knockdown cells treated with short hairpin RNA increased ATP production and showed greater sensitivity to hypoxia and anti-cancer drug, cis-diamminedichloro-platinum (II) (CDDP). Subcutaneous grafting AK4 knockdown cells into nude mice revealed that the grafted cells exhibited both slower proliferation and reduced the tumor sizes in response to CDDP. AK4 knockdown cell showed a increased oxygen consumption rate with FCCP treatment, while AK4 overexpression lowered it. Metabolome analysis showed the increased levels of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, fumarate and malate in AK4 knockdown cells, while AK4 overexpression lowered them. Electron microscopy detected the increased mitochondrial numbers in AK4 knockdown cells. Microarray analysis detected the increased gene expression of two key enzymes in TCA cycle, succinate dehydrogenase A (SDHA) and oxoglutarate dehydrogenease L (OGDHL), which are components of SDH complex and OGDH complex, supporting the metabolomic results. Conclusions: We found that AK4 was involved in hypoxia tolerance, resistance to anti-tumor drug, and the regulation of mitochondrial activity. These findings provide a new potential target for efficient anticancer therapies by controlling AK4 expression

Long-term results of a randomized controlled trial comparing neoadjuvant Adriamycin, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil vs docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil followed by surgery for esophageal cancer (OGSG1003)

Sugimura, K, Yamasaki, M, Yasuda, T, et al. Long‐term results of a randomized controlled trial comparing neoadjuvant Adriamycin, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil vs docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil followed by surgery for esophageal cancer (OGSG1003). Ann. Gastroenterol. Surg. 2020; 00: 1– 8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ags3.12388