Effect of lifestyle on 6‐year periodontitis incidence or progression and tooth loss in older adults

AimTo evaluate the longitudinal association of combined healthy lifestyle factors with incidence or progression of periodontitis and tooth loss in older adults.Materials and methodsThis 6‐year study included 374 Japanese 70‐year olds with 7,157 teeth, from a source eligible baseline population of 554 individuals. Four lifestyle factors—cigarette smoking, physical activity, relative weight, and dietary quality—were scored as healthy (1 point) or unhealthy (0 point). Adding the individual scores generated the “healthy lifestyle score” (0–4 points). Multilevel mixed‐effects logistic regression models were applied to evaluate tooth‐specific associations between the baseline healthy lifestyle score and the incidence or progression of periodontitis (increase in clinical attachment loss ≥3 mm) and tooth loss.ResultsAfter 6 years, 19.0% of the teeth exhibited periodontitis incidence or progression and 8.2% were lost. Compared with a healthy lifestyle score of 0–1 (least healthy), the highest score (4 points) was associated with a significantly lower tooth‐specific risk of periodontitis (adjusted odds ratio = 0.32; 95% confidence interval: 0.16–0.62) and tooth loss (adjusted odds ratio = 0.42; 95% confidence interval: 0.23–0.77).ConclusionsSimultaneous adherence to multiple healthy lifestyle factors significantly lowers the risk of incidence or progression of periodontitis and tooth loss in older adults.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145573/1/jcpe12920_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145573/2/jcpe12920.pd

Energy transfer from Cr to Nd in substitutional crystal Y3GaxAl5-x O12 codoped with Nd and Cr

Garnet crystals codoped with Nd3+ and Cr3+ ions are a candidate for solar-pumped laser materials. Substitutional disordered crystals Y3GaxAl5-xO12 were prepared to improve the pumping efficiency of Nd3+ luminescence and energy transfer from Cr3+ to Nd3+ ions. The substitutional disordered crystal host produced inhomogeneous broadening of the Nd3+ and Cr3+ optical spectra. Enhancement of overlapping between the Cr3+ absorption bands and the solar spectrum, and between the Cr3+ luminescence bands and the Nd3+ absorption lines led to the increases of the pumping efficiency and the energy transfer rates, respectively. The excitation spectrum of the Nd3+ luminescence, the nonexponential decay curves of the Cr3+ luminescence, and the quantum yields of the Cr3+ and Nd3+ luminescence have given evidence on the energy transfer from Cr3+ to Nd3+ ions

Epithelial EP4 plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis in colon

Colonic epithelial cells comprise the mucosal barrier, and their dysfunction promotes microbial invasion from the gut lumen and induces the development of intestinal inflammation. The EP4 receptor is known to mediate the protective effect of prostaglandin (PG) E2 in the gastrointestinal tract; however, the exact role of epithelial EP4 in intestinal pathophysiology remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of epithelial EP4 in maintaining colonic homeostasis by characterizing the intestinal epithelial cell-specific EP4 knockout (EP4 cKO) mice. Mice harboring the epithelial EP4 deletion showed significantly lower colonic crypt depth and lower numbers of secretory cell lineages, as well as impaired epithelial cells in the colon. Interestingly, EP4-deficient colon epithelia showed a higher number of apoptotic cells. Consistent with the defect in mucosal barrier function of colonic epithelia and secretory cell lineages, EP4 cKO colon stroma showed enhanced immune cell infiltration, which was accompanied by increased production of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, EP4-deficient colons were susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Our study is the first to demonstrate that epithelial EP4 loss resulted in potential "inflammatory" status under physiological conditions. These findings provided insights into the crucial role of epithelial PGE2/EP4 axis in maintaining intestinal homeostasis

Proposal to Improve the Image Quality of Short-Acquisition Time-Dedicated Breast Positron Emission Tomography Using the Pix2pix Generative Adversarial Network

This study aimed to evaluate the ability of the pix2pix generative adversarial network (GAN) to improve the image quality of low-count dedicated breast positron emission tomography (dbPET). Pairs of full- and low-count dbPET images were collected from 49 breasts. An image synthesis model was constructed using pix2pix GAN for each acquisition time with training (3776 pairs from 16 breasts) and validation data (1652 pairs from 7 breasts). Test data included dbPET images synthesized by our model from 26 breasts with short acquisition times. Two breast radiologists visually compared the overall image quality of the original and synthesized images derived from the short-acquisition time data (scores of 1–5). Further quantitative evaluation was performed using a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM). In the visual evaluation, both readers revealed an average score of >3 for all images. The quantitative evaluation revealed significantly higher SSIM (p (p p < 0.01) than for the original images. Our model improved the quality of low-count time dbPET synthetic images, with a more significant effect on images with lower counts

Association between dry eye and periodontal disease in community-dwelling Japanese adults: data from the Uonuma cohort study

Abstract Background While research has explored the risk of periodontal disease in various eye conditions, the link between dry eye and periodontal disease remains underexplored, especially in Japanese adults. This study aims to investigate the association between dry eye and periodontal disease in community-dwelling Japanese adults. Methods This study is a subset of the Uonuma cohort study, which includes Japanese adults aged 40 years and older residing in the Uonuma area of Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Participants completed a self-administered, paper-based questionnaire. Statistical analyses, including the chi-square test, independent t test, ANOVA test, and logistic regressions, were employed to assess the association of periodontal disease with independent variables. Results Among 36,488 participants (average age 63.3 years, 47.4% men), 39.3% had a history of periodontal disease, and gender differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Significant associations were found between periodontal disease and dry eye diagnosis or symptoms. Univariable logistic regression revealed links between periodontal disease and age, gender, living status, alcohol consumption, remaining teeth, bite molar availability, and history of dry eye disease or symptoms. Multiple-adjusted regression found that doctor-diagnosed dry eye was associated with a higher likelihood of periodontal disease (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.22). Participants who never experienced dryness or foreign body sensation had lower ORs of periodontal disease than those who always experienced such symptoms across all models. Conclusion A significant correlation was found between dry eye and periodontal disease in Japanese adults. Regular check-ups, early detection, and effective management of both conditions are strongly recommended