Эпидемическая ситуация по туберкулезу у детей в 2021 г. и перспективы ее динамики в 2022 г.

The article analyzes changes in the epidemic tuberculosis situation in children and factors influencing it. Data from tuberculosis statistical surveillance forms and on-line monitoring data for the biggest available period were studied. It was found that in 2021, tuberculosis incidence increased in children of 0-14 years old, and this increase was statistically significant (p < 0.05) in the group of children of 7-14years old (from 5.6 to 6.3 per 100,000 children of 7-14 years old), which may be related to the COVID-19 pandemic: increased epidemic risk of tuberculosis infection sources and increased exposure of children primarily of school age, who were switched to distant learning.The increase in tuberculosis incidence among children exposed to tuberculosis patients from 143.8 to 183.0 per 100,000 exposed children may be further attributed to decreased dissociating of contacts by hospitalizing children to tuberculosis sanatoria. Theepidemic tuberculosis situation in children is expected to deteriorate due to increased migration from the country with an unfavorable tuberculosis situation, i.e. Ukraine. Tuberculosis mortality in children continued to decline; there were no signs that it would increase in 2022.Проанализированы динамика эпидемической ситуации по туберкулезу у детей и влияющие на нее факторы. Изучены сведения статистических форм мониторинга туберкулеза и данные оперативного мониторинга за максимально доступный период. Установлено, что в 2021 г. произошел рост заболеваемости туберкулезом детей 0-14 лет, который был статистически значимым (p < 0,05) в группе 7-14 лет (с 5,6 до 6,3 на 100 000 детей 7-14 лет), что может быть связано с пандемией COVID-19: повышение эпидемической опасности источников туберкулезной инфекции и увеличение экспозиции их воздействия на детей, прежде всего школьного возраста, которые были переведены на дистанционное обучение. Рост заболеваемости туберкулезом детей, находящихся в контакте с больными туберкулезом, с 143,8 до 183,0 на 100 000 контактных детей может быть дополнительно обусловлен снижением возможности разобщения контактов путем госпитализации детей в туберкулезные санатории. Ожидается ухудшение эпидемической ситуации по туберкулезу у детей из-за выросшей миграции населения из страны с неблагоприятной эпидемической ситуацией по туберкулезу – Украины. Продолжилось снижение смертности детей от туберкулеза; предпосылок для его роста в 2022 г. нет

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta