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Not AvailableA field experiment was conducted at Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh during 2001-2002 to 2003-04 on a fine loamy, mixed, hyperthermic, sodic soil having high pH, low electrical conductivity, high exchangeable sodium percentage and very low water permeability to find out the combined effect of reduced dose gypsum and salt tolerant varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) on productivity of rice – wheat cropping system in sodic soil. This study revealed that application of gypsum @ 25% gypsum requirement (G.R.) and growing of salt tolerant varieties of rice (CSR 13) and wheat (KRL19) significantly increased the yield attributes and yields of these crops in the system over control treatment as well as 15% G.R. So much so it was at par with 50% G.R. with non salt tolerant varieties. The magnitude of combined effect of reduced dose of gypsum and salt tolerant varieties was reflected in terms 17 and 8.2% increase in grain yield over their counterpart varieties. Significant interaction between gypsum and salt tolerant varieties on grain yield indicated that gypsum @ 25%G.R. with sodicity tolerant varieties in rice-wheat cropping system could save about 43% of the total initial expenditure for the reclamation of sodic soils over the recommended dose of gypsum (50% G.R.) with traditional sensitive varieties. Thus, for low cost effective technology, using salt tolerant varieties of rice (CSR 13) and wheat (KRL 19) in conjunction with reduced dose of gypsum (25% G.R.) proved highly and sustainable technology for resource scarce situations in sodic soils.U.P.Council of Agricultural Researc

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Not AvailableA field experiment was conducted during 2003-04 to 2005-06 at the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow to find alternate options to the rice—wheat cropping system in partially reclaimed sodic soils. Four cropping systems, viz. rice—wheat (cereal-based), sorghum—berseem (fodder-based), sweet basil (tulsi)—matricaria (medicinal and aromatic crop-based) and chilli—garlic (spices-based) were evaluated in the light of sustainability, potentiality and profitability. Maximum rice equivalent yield (14.21 t ha⁻¹) was recorded with sweet basil-matricaria cropping system, whereas the highest production efficiency (61.25 kg ha⁻¹ day⁻¹) was recorded with sweet basil—matricaria cropping system. Sorghum—berseem cropping system gave maximum (78.35%) land-use efficiency. Chilli—garlic cropping system recorded the highest water expense efficiency (150.72 kg ha⁻¹ cm) followed by sweet basil—matricaria, but the total amount of water used was more (125.65 cm) in the rice—wheat system. The water requirement of sorghum—berseem, sweet basil— matricaria and chilli—garlic cropping systems was 8.0, 19.8 and 31.8% respectively, less than the rice—wheat cropping system. Among the cropping systems evaluated, energy input (27.50 MJ ha⁻¹) and output (314.46 MJ ha⁻¹) were maximum in the rice—wheat system. Energy use efficiency was maximum (11.99) with sweet basil—matricaria followed by sorghum–berseem (11.91). Reclaiming effect of sweet basil— matricaria cropping system on soil properties was higher than the rest of the cropping systems. Sweet basil—matricaria cropping system gave the highest net return (Rs 50,222 ha⁻¹) and benefit: cost ratio (2.74).U.P.Council of Agricultural Researc

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Not AvailableApplication of gypsum @ 25% GR and growing of salt tolerant varieties of rice and wheat may reduce reclamation cost by about 43% over 50% GR level without any significant loss in grain yields.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableField experiment was conducted on a fine loamy, mixed, hyperthermic, highly sodic soil having pH (10.5), electrical conductivity (EC) (2.42 dS m-1), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) (89.0), organic carbon (OC) (0.80 g kg-1) and available nitrogen (94 kg ha-1) to determine the response of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties (CSR 13 and Pant 4) to gypsum levels [(control, 15, 25 and 50% gypsum requirement (GR)].The study revealed that all the growth parameters (plant height, number of tillers, dry matter accumulation,number of leaves/hill, leaf weight/hill and leaf area index), yield attributes (length of panicle, number of grains/panicle, test weight) and yields (biological yield, straw yield and grain yield) significantly increased with increasing doses of gypsum. Application of gypsum at 50% GR (15.4 t ha-1) was significantly superior over the control and 15% GR doses but at par with that of 25% GR. Significant reduction in soil pH (10.50 to 8.91), EC (1.43 to 0.48 dS m-1) and ESP (89 to 28.5) and increment in OC (0.8 to 1.2 g kg-1) and available N (94 to 190 kg ha-1) were recorded after three years of study with 50% GR level. Grain quality of rice in terms of N content in grain, grain length, length:breadth ratio, brown rice recovery, milled rice recovery, head rice recovery and gel consistency were higher with 50% GR as compared to control but statistically at par with that of 25% GR. There were significant varieties × gypsum interactions on number of effective tillers, dry matter accumulation, number of leaves/hill, leaf weight, number of panicles m-2,length of panicle, number of grains/panicle, test weight and grain yield indicating that the varieties responded to gypsum differently. Variety ‘CSR 13’ showed significant increase over ‘Pant 4’ in all the growth parameters and yield attributes except length of panicle.Not Availabl