1 research outputs found
Outcomes After Complicated and Uncomplicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury at Three- and Six-Months Post-Injury
The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive examination of the relation
of complicated and uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) with multidimensional
outcomes at three- and six-months after TBI. We analyzed data from the Collaborative European
NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research (CENTER-TBI) research project. Patients after mTBI (Glasgow
Coma scale (GCS) score of 13–15) enrolled in the study were differentiated into two groups based
on computed tomography (CT) findings: complicated mTBI (presence of any traumatic intracranial
injury on first CT) and uncomplicated mTBI (absence of any traumatic intracranial injury on first
CT). Multidimensional outcomes were assessed using seven instruments measuring generic and
disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (SF-36 and QOLIBRI), functional outcome
(GOSE), and psycho-social domains including symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
(PCL-5), depression (PHQ-9), and anxiety (GAD-7). Data were analyzed using a multivariate repeated
measures approach (MANOVA-RM), which inspected mTBI groups at three- and six-months post
injury. Patients after complicated mTBI had significantly lower GOSE scores, reported lower physical
and mental component summary scores based on the SF-36 version 2, and showed significantly lower HRQoL measured by QOLIBRI compared to those after uncomplicated mTBI. There was no difference
between mTBI groups when looking at psychological outcomes, however, a slight improvement
in PTSD symptoms and depression was observed for the entire sample from three to six months.
Patients after complicated mTBI reported lower generic and disease specific HRQoL and worse
functional outcome compared to individuals after uncomplicated mTBI at three and six months.
Both groups showed a tendency to improve from three to six months after TBI. The complicated
mTBI group included more patients with an impaired long-term outcome than the uncomplicated
group. Nevertheless, patients, clinicians, researchers, and decisions-makers in health care should
take account of the short and long-term impact on outcome for patients after both uncomplicated and
complicated mTBI