9,193 research outputs found
Phase String Effect in the t-J Model: General Theory
We reexamine the problem of a hole moving in an antiferromagnetic spin
background and find that the injected hole will always pick up a sequence of
nontrivial phases from the spin degrees of freedom. Previously unnoticed, such
a string-like phase originates from the hidden Marshall signs which are
scrambled by the hopping of the hole. We can rigorously show that this phase
string is non-repairable at low energy and give a general proof that the
spectral weight Z must vanish at the ground-state energy due to the phase
string effect. Thus, the quasiparticle description fails here and the quantum
interference effect of the phase string dramatically affects the long-distance
behavior of the injected hole. We introduce a so-called phase-string
formulation of the t-J model for a general number of holes in which the phase
string effect can be explicitly tracked. As an example, by applying this new
mathematical formulation in one dimension, we reproduce the well-known
Luttinger-liquid behaviors of the asymptotic single-electron Green's function
and the spin-spin correlation function. We can also use the present phase
string theory to justify previously developed spin-charge separation theory in
two dimensions, which offers a systematic explanation for the transport and
magnetic anomalies in the high-T_c cuprates.Comment: Revtex, 36 pages, no figure, to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Single-input and single-output (SISO) controller reduction based on the -norm
This paper proposes a new method to solve the controller-reduction problem based on the -norm. This method uses a reduced-order closed-loop system to deduce reduced-order controllers. The problem of obtaining the required lower-order closed-loop system was formulated as an -norm optimization, and the conditions were provided for guaranteeing the internal stability and the existence of lower-order controllers from the obtained reduced-order closed-loop system. In addition, the particle swarm optimization and sequence linear programming were adopted to solve the resultant -norm optimization. Two numerical examples demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method
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