Equilibrium temperatures of mass transfer cooled walls in high-speed flow of an absorbing-emitting gas

Equilibrium temperatures of mass transfer cooled walls in high speed flow of absorbing-emitting ga

Modelling multiphase flow in vertical pipe using CFD method.

Investigations of gas-liquid-solid flows in large diameter vertical pipes are scarce and detailed three phase flow study is still required to understand the flow interactions. Further investigation using high fidelity modelling is thus necessary due to complex flow interactions of the phases. In this study, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method is used to investigate multiphase gas-liquid-solid flow in vertical pipe. Firstly, an appropriate validated numerical simulation scheme for two phase gas-liquid flow using ANSYS Fluent has been used to simulate possible flow regime transitions in vertical pipe. The scheme could predict the various flow regimes spanning bubbly to annular flow without prior knowledge of the flow patterns. The scheme was further extended to investigate the impact of solid particles in the flow field. More importantly the impact of solid concentration on the flow regime development and sand deposition was investigated. The results showed that the particulate deposition is greatly influenced by the particle concentration. In addition, the regime transitions and development in gas-liquid flows are different than that of gas-liquid-solid flows

Impact of late-to-refill reminder calls on medication adherence in the Medicare Part D population: evaluation of a randomized controlled study

Michael S Taitel, Ying Mu, Angshuman Gooptu, Youbei Lou Health Analytics, Research & Reporting, Walgreen Co., Deerfield, IL, USA Objectives: This study evaluates a nationwide pharmacy chain’s late-to-refill (LTR) reminder program that entails local pharmacists placing reminder calls to Medicare Part D patients. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled study among 735,218 patients who exhibited nonadherent behavior by not refilling a maintenance medication 3 days from an expected refill date. Patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group who received LTR reminder calls or to a control group. We used Walgreens pharmaceutical claims data from 2015 to estimate the impact of LTR calls on short-term and annual adherence. Results: The initial refill rate within the first 14 days of the expected refill date significantly increased in the intervention group by 22.8% (6.09 percentage points) compared to the control group (P<0.001). The proportion of days covered (PDC) in the intervention group increased significantly by 1.5% (0.856 percentage points) relative to the control group (P<0.001) over 365 days. Patients in the intervention group were significantly more adherent (PDC ≥80%) by 3% (0.97 percentage points) compared to the control group (P<0.001). Over a 270-day follow-up period, persistence significantly increased by 2.15 days in the intervention group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Results from this study suggest that LTR reminder calls increased adherence for Medicare Part D patients who are late in refilling their medications and therefore have the potential to reduce their risk for hospitalization and health care costs. Additionally, the intervention increased the number of patients with PDC ≥80% by ~3%, positively impacting Medicare Part D plan quality rating. Keywords: reminder system, tailored intervention, Medicare Part D, adherence, persistenc

Gas-liquid transient flow in horizontal pipes: a model for predicting flow-pattern transitions. Final report

Recent studies (Taitel and Dukler, 1976) have provided a method for predicting conditions for flow regime transitions by modelling the actual physical processes taking place. This work was concerned only with steady flow conditions. Of considerable importance to the analysis of a Loss of Cooling Accident is the ability to predict the flow regime under conditions of transient flow. This report extends the steady state method of analysis to that of transient flow. It is shown that under transient conditions the transitions between flow patterns can occur at flow rates different than that which will take place if the changes in flow rate were to take place infinitely slowly. Furthermore, for rapid changes in flow rates from one set of conditions to another, flow regimes can appear which would not be observed if the change were made slowly. The theory for flow regime changes under transient flow conditions is developed and methods for predicting the onset of transition under transients presented. Experimental confirmation of the theory is described