Absolutely free extrinsic evolution of passive low-pass filter

Evolutionary electronics is a brunch of evolvable hardware, where the evolutionary algorithm is applied towards electronic circuits. The success of evolutionary search most of all depends on variable length representation methodology. The low-pass filter is a standard task in evolutionary electronics to start with. The results of evolution enable one to qualify whether the methodology is good for further experiments. In this paper the maximum freedom for evolutionary search has been proclaimed as a main target during development of new VLR methodology. The introduction of R-support elements enables to perform an unconstrained evolution of analogue circuits for the first time. The proposed algorithm has been tested on the example of analogue low-pass filter. The experimental results demonstrate that the evolved filter is comparable with filters evolved previously using genetic programming and genetic algorithms techniques. The obtained results are compared in details with low-pass filters previously designed

Synthesis of time-to-amplitude converter by mean coevolution with adaptive parameters

Copyright © 2011 the authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)The challenging task to synthesize automatically a time-to-amplitude converter, which unites by its functionality several digital circuits, has been successfully solved with the help of a novel methodology. The proposed approach is based on a paradigm according to which the substructures are regarded as additional mutation types and when ranged with other mutations form a new adaptive individual-level mutation technique. This mutation approach led to the discovery of an original coevolution strategy that is characterized by very low selection rates. Parallel island-model evolution has been running in a hybrid competitive-cooperative interaction throughout two incremental stages. The adaptive population size is applied for synchronization of the parallel evolutions

On comparison of constrained and unconstrained evolutions in analogue electronics on the example of “LC” low-pass filters

The Evolutionary Electronics refers to the design method of electronic circuits with the help of Evolutionary Algorithms. Over the years huge experience has been accumulated and tremendous results have been achieved in this field. Two obvious tendencies are prevailing in the area over designers to improve the performance of Evolutionary Algorithms. First of all, as with any solution-search-algorithm, the designers try to reduce the potential solution space in order to reach the optimum solution faster, putting some constrains onto search algorithm as well as onto potential solutions. At the same time, the second tendency of unconstraining the Evolutionary Algorithms in its search gives unpredictable breakthroughs in results. Enabling the evolution to optimize with more experimental parameters devoted to drive the evolution and adjusted previously manually, is one of an example where such kind of unconstraining takes place. The evolution with the maximum freedom of search can be addressed as unconstrained evolution. The unconstrained evolution has already been applied in the past towards the design of digital circuits, and extraordinary results have been obtained, including generation of circuits with smaller number of electronic components. Recently, the similar method has been introduced by authors of this paper towards the design of analogue circuits. The new algorithm has produced promising results in terms of quality of the circuits evolved and evolutionary resources required. It differed from constrained method by its simplicity and represented one of the first attempts to apply Evolutionary Strategy towards the analogue circuit design. In this paper both conventional constrained evolution and newly developed unconstrained evolution in analogue domain are compared in detail on the example of "LC" low-pass filter design. The unconstrained evolution demonstrates the superior behaviour over the constrained one and exceeds by quality of results the best filter evolved previously by 240%. The experimental results are presented along with detailed analysis. Also, the obtained results are compared in details with low-pass filters designed previously

Unconstrained evolution of close-to-ideal "LCR" low-pass filter

The unconstrained evolution has already been applied in the past towards design of digital circuits, and extraordinary results have been obtained, including generation of more compact circuits with smaller number of electronic components. In this paper the unconstrained evolution method is developed for analogue circuits. At first, the method is probed on the design of analogue low-pass filter with standard transition band. The algorithm produced the best results in terms of quality of the circuits evolved and evolutionary resources required. Then, the new methodology is applied towards more sophisticated task, the close-to-ideal low-pass filter. The new methodology developed differs from previous ones by its simplicity and represents one of the first attempts to apply evolutionary strategy towards the analogue circuit design. The obtained results are compared in details with low-pass filters previously designed

Constrained and unconstrained evolution of “ LCR” low-pass filters with oscillating length representation

The unconstrained evolution has already been applied in the past towards design of digital circuits, and extraordinary results have been obtained, including generation of circuits with smaller number of electronic components. In this paper both constrained and unconstrained evolutions, blended with oscillating length genotype sweeping strategy, are applied towards design of analogue “ LCR” circuits. The comparison of both evolutions is made and the promising results are obtained. The new algorithm has produced the best results in terms of quality of the circuits evolved and evolutionary resources required. It differs from previous ones by its simplicity and represents one of the first attempts to apply Evolutionary Strategy towards the analogue circuit design. The obtained results are compared in details with low-pass filters previously designed

EHW from consumer point of view: consumer-triggered evolution

Evolvable Hardware (EHW) has been regarded as adaptive system acquired by wide application market. Consumer market of any good requires diversity to satisfy consumers' preferences. Adaptation of EHW is a key technology that could provide individual approach to every particular user. This situation raises a question: how to set target for evolutionary algorithm? The existing techniques do not allow consumer to influence evolutionary process. Only designer at the moment is capable to influence the evolution. The proposed consumer-triggered evolution overcomes this problem by introducing new features to EHW that help adaptive system to obtain targets during consumer stage. Classification of EHW is given according to responsiveness, imitation of human behavior and target circuit response. Home intelligent water heating system is considered as an example

Automated synthesis of 8-output voltage distributor using incremental evolution

The automated synthesis of the analog electronic circuit, including both the topology and the numerical values for each of the circuit’s component, is recognized as a difficult problem. This problem is aggregating considerably when the size of a circuit and the number of its input/output pins increases. In this paper for the first time the method of automated synthesis of the analog electronic circuit by mean of evolution is applied to the synthesis of a multi-output circuit, namely 8-output voltage distributor, that distributes the incoming voltage signal among the outputs in filter-like mode. Using the substructure reuse, dynamic fitness function and incremental evolution techniques the largest analogue circuit has been evolved in the area that has 138 components

Unconstrained evolution of analogue computational “QR” circuit with oscillating length representation

The unconstrained evolution has already been applied in the past towards the design of digital circuits, and extraordinary results have been obtained, including generation of circuits with smaller number of electronic components. In this paper unconstrained evolution, blended with oscillating length genotype sweeping strategy, is applied towards the design of "QR" analogue circuit on the example of circuit that performs the cube root function. The promising results are obtained. The new algorithm has produced the excellent result in terms of quality of the circuit evolved and evolutionary resources required. It differs from previous ones by its simplicity and represents one of the first attempts to apply Evolutionary Strategy towards the analogue circuit design. The obtained result is compared with previous designs

MINERALOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF SATPAEV Ti-Zr PLACER DEPOSIT, EAST KAZAKHSTAN

The data of mineralogical and geochemical studies of Ti-Zr mineral sands and heavy fraction of the mineral concentrate of Placer No. 1 of the Satpaev deposit (East Kazakhstan) are obtained. The mineralogical composition of the mineral sands: quartz, albite, ilmenite, and feldspar; micro-sized crystals of barite, zircon, monazite, a mineral of pyrochlore composition, were identified by electron microprobe. Crystal morphology of ore minerals: ilmenite and zircon and chemical composition of ilmenite were determined. The development of leucoxenization in microcracks and edges of ilmenite crystals have also been revealed. Geochemical features of productive horizons include the apparent enrichment of light rare-earth elements (LREE) in comparison with heavy rare-earth elements (HREE), and pronounced negative Eu anomaly that indicate high degree of fractionation of source rocks. Granitoids of the Preobrazhensk intrusion are the likely source of the Satpaev placer deposit. Results of petrological and geochemical research indicate that localization of ore minerals took place during chemical weathering, which enabled release of ore minerals of titanium and zirconium with their further redeposition in local continental coastal settings in warm and humid climate.This is an open access article, available to all readers online. The attached file is the published version of the article