AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR SELECTING THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF DRIP IRRIGATION CONTROL UNIT

The good design of irrigation system is one of the main steps of extent the life of the irrigation system, as well as increase the cultivated crop productivity by choosing the proper components of irrigation system control head unit ( such as pump, motor, filters, main line pipe, fertilization device, and the different control unit attachements). Different types of control unit components are used according to the system conditions for irrigation of agricultural areas. It is very difficult to find an expert at desired time and desired place for choosing correct control unit which are varied in different types and models. In this study, this problem was to be tried to solve by designing of an expert system for choosing proper components of control unit in irrigation network. A rule-based program named TSDI-ES (Technical Specification of Drip Irrigation-Expert System) was coded and compiled using Microsoft visual basic 2013 language. Generally, the expert system database obtained from commonly used all components of control unit in irrigation network in Egypt. selection of all components of control head unit in irrigation network were determined by taking into consideration the following parameters: water resource, irrigation methods, irrigation area, crop pattern, climate, soil properties, and well characteristics. Results of the investigation indicated that it is possible to use the TSDI-ES rule-based program for choosing all proper components of control head unit in drip irrigation network such as pump, filtration unit, fertilizers devices, and flow, pressure measuerement and control devices

Encryption Quality Analysis of the RCBC Block Cipher Compared with RC6 and RC5 Algorithms

In this paper, we investigate the encryption quality of the robust chaotic block cipher (RCBC) algorithm; which is based on chaotic map. In addition to visual inspection of images encryption testing, five analytical metrics are developed for analyzing the encryption quality. These metrics are used to evaluate several encrypted images factors include: maximum deviation, irregular deviation, information entropy, correlation coefficients, and avalanche effect. Comparison of the encryption quality for RCBC, RC6 and RC5 implantations to digital images are performed. In the experimental results, we have made our tests using color images Lena, Cman, and Peppers, each of size 512x512 pixels, as the original images (plain-images). Results show better quality of the RCBC

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in camels recently imported to Egypt from Sudan and a global systematic review.

INTRODUCTION Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are closely related intracellular protozoan parasites of medical and veterinary concern by causing abortions and systemic illness. Limited or ambiguous data on the prevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum in camels triggered us to conduct this study. METHODS Camels (n = 460) recently imported from Sudan and destined mainly for human consumption, were tested for specific antibodies against these protozoans using commercially available ELISAs. From the two only quarantine stations for camels from Sudan, 368 camels were sampled between November 2015 and March 2016 in Shalateen, Red Sea governorate, and 92 samples were collected between September 2018 and March 2021 from Abu Simbel, Aswan governorate. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Overall, seropositive rates in camels were 25.7%, 3.9% and 0.8% for T. gondii, N. caninum and mixed infection, respectively. However, marked differences were found between the two study sites and/or the two sampling periods: For T. gondii, a higher rate of infection was recorded in the Red Sea samples (31.5%, 116/368; odds ratio 20.7, 5.0-85.6; P<0.0001) than in those collected in Aswan (2.2%, 2/92). The opposite was found for N. caninum with a lower rate of infection in the Red Sea samples (0.82%, 3/368; odds ratio 23.7, 6.7-83.9; P<0.0001) than in the samples from Aswan (16.3%, 15/92). Additionally, our systematic review revealed that the overall published seroprevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum was 28.6% and 14.3% in camels worldwide, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first record of seroprevalence of both T. gondii and N. caninum in recently imported camels kept under quarantine conditions before delivery to other Egyptian cities and regions. In addition, our review provides inclusive data on the prevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum in camel globally. This knowledge provides basic data for the implementation of strategies and control measures against neosporosis and toxoplasmosis

A Rare Case of the Digenic Inheritance of Long QT Syndrome Type 2 and Type 6

We report a 37-year-old woman with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest caused by ventricular fibrillation due to digenic inheritance of long QT syndrome type 2 (KCNH2 gene) and type 6 (KCNE2 gene). During hospitalization, prolonged QTc intervals and frequent episodes of ventricular tachyarrhythmias manifested. Genetic testing identified a mutation of the KCNH2 gene and an unclassified variant, most likely pathogenic, of the KCNE2 gene. This digenic inheritance is extremely rare

Sinteza, in vitro antitumorsko ispitivanje i radiosenzitirajuće vrednovanje novih derivata 4-[3-(supstituiranih)tioureido]-N-(kinoksalin-2-il)benzensulfonamida

Sulfonamides and quinoxaline derivatives possess many types of biological activities and have been recently reported to show substantial antitumor activity. This paper reports the synthesis of novel thioureidosulfaquinoxaline derivatives. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against a human liver cell line (HEPG2) and showed higher activity than the reference drug doxorubicin. 4-(3-(4-Ethylbenzoate)thioureido)-N-(quinoxalin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (9) (IC50 = 15.6 µmol L1), N-(pyridin-2-yl)-4-(3-(4-(N-quinoxalin-2-yl-sulfamoyl)phenyl)thioureido)benzene-sulfonamide (10) (IC50 = 26.8 µmol L1) and N-(quinoxalin-2-yl)-4-(3-(4-(N-thiazol-2-ylsulfamoyl)phenyl)thioureido)benzenesulfonamide (11) (IC50 = 24.4 µmol L1) were the most potent compared to doxorubicin (IC50 = 71.8 µmol L1). The most potent compounds 9, 10 and 11 were evaluated as radiosensitizing agents by subjecting the compounds to γ-irradiation (8 kGy).Derivati sulfonamida i kinoksalina imaju raznoliko biološko djelovanje, između ostalog i antitumorsko djelovanje. U radu je opisana sinteza novih derivata tioureido sulfakinoksalina. Svim novim spojevima ispitano je antitumorsko djelovanje in vitro na humanoj staničnoj liniji jetre (HEPG 2). Svi ispitani spojevi pokazuju jači učinak nego referentni lijek doksorubicin. Najjači učinak imali su 4-(3-(4-etilbenzoat)tioureido)-N-(kinoksalin-2-il)benzen-sulfonamid (9) (IC50 = 15,6 µmol L1), N-(piridin-2-il)-4-(3-(4-(N-kinoksalin-2-il-sulfamoil)fenil)tioureido)-benzen-sulfonamid (10) (IC50 = 26,8 µmol L1) i N-(kinoksalin-2-il)-4-(3-(4-(N-tiazol-2-ilsulfamoil)fenil)tioureido)benzen-sulfonamid (11) (IC50 = 24,4 µmol L1), dok je IC50 vrijednost bila 71,8 µmol L1. Najaktivniji spojevi 9, 10 i 11 evaluirani su kao radziosenzitirajuća sredstva nakon izlaganja spojeva γ-zračenju (8 kGy)

The Chromatin Remodelling Factor dATRX Is Involved in Heterochromatin Formation

Despite extensive study of heterochromatin, relatively little is known about the mechanisms by which such a structure forms. We show that the Drosophila homologue of the human α-thalassemia and mental retardation X-linked protein (dATRX), is important in the formation or maintenance of heterochromatin through modification of position effect variegation. We further show that there are two isoforms of the dATRX protein, the longer of which interacts directly with heterochromatin protein 1 (dHP-1) through a CxVxL motif both in vitro and in vivo. These two proteins co-localise at heterochromatin in a manner dependent on this motif. Consistent with this observation, the long isoform of the dATRX protein localises primarily to the heterochromatin at the chromocentre on salivary gland polytene chromosomes, whereas the short isoform binds to many sites along the chromosome arms. We suggest that the establishment of a regular nucleosomal organisation may be common to heterochromatin and transcriptionally repressed chromatin in other locations, and may require the action of ATP dependent chromatin remodelling factors

Vegetation‐hydrology dynamics in complex terrain of semiarid areas: 2. Energy‐water controls of vegetation spatiotemporal dynamics and topographic niches of favorability

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95632/1/wrcr11124.pd

An investigation on the potential of utilizing aluminum alloys in the production and storage of hydrogen gas

The interest in hydrogen is rapidly expanding because of rising greenhouse gas emissions and the depletion of fossil resources. The current work focuses on employing affordable Al alloys for hydrogen production and storage to identify the most efficient alloy that performs best in each situation. In the first part of this work, hydrogen was generated from water electrolysis. The Al alloys that are being examined as electrodes in a water electrolyzer are 1050-T0, 5052-T0, 6061-T0, 6061-T6, 7075-T0, 7075-T6, and 7075-T7. The flow rate of hydrogen produced, energy consumption, and electrolyzer efficiency were measured at a constant voltage of 9 volts to identify the Al alloy that produces a greater hydrogen flow rate at higher process efficiency. The influence of the electrode surface area and water electrolysis temperature were also studied. The second part of this study examines these Al alloys’ resistance to hydrogen embrittlement for applications involving compressed hydrogen gas storage, whether they are utilized as the primary vessel in Type 1 pressure vessels or as liners in Type 2 or Type 3 pressure vessels. Al alloys underwent electrochemical charging by hydrogen and Charpy impact testing, after which a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the fracture surfaces of both uncharged and H-charged specimens. The structural constituents of the studied alloys were examined using X-ray diffraction analysis and were correlated to the alloys’ performance. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the water electrolysis temperature, electrode surface area, and electrode material type ranked from the highest to lowest in terms of their influence on improving the efficiency of the hydrogen production process. The 6061-T0 Al alloy demonstrated the best performance in both hydrogen production and storage applications at a reasonable material cost