Magnetic Interaction in the Geometrically Frustrated Triangular Lattice Antiferromagnet CuFeO2\rm CuFeO_2

The spin wave excitations of the geometrically frustrated triangular lattice antiferromagnet (TLA) $\rm CuFeO_2$ have been measured using high resolution inelastic neutron scattering. Antiferromagnetic interactions up to third nearest neighbors in the ab plane (J_1, J_2, J_3, with $J_2/J_1 \approx 0.44$ and $J_3/J_1 \approx 0.57$), as well as out-of-plane coupling (J_z, with $J_z/J_1 \approx 0.29$) are required to describe the spin wave dispersion relations, indicating a three dimensional character of the magnetic interactions. Two energy dips in the spin wave dispersion occur at the incommensurate wavevectors associated with multiferroic phase, and can be interpreted as dynamic precursors to the magnetoelectric behavior in this system.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, published in Phys. Rev. Let

Dry anaerobic digestion of organic waste: A review of operational parameters and their impact on process performance.

open access articleDry digestion is a suitable technology for treating organic wastes with varying composition such as the organic fraction of municipal solids waste. Yet, there is a need for further research to overcome some of the disadvantages associated with the high total solids content of the process. Optimisation of inoculum to substrate ratio, feedstock composition and size, liquid recirculation, bed compaction and use of bulking agents are some of the parameters that need further investigation in batch dry anaerobic digestion, to limit localised inhibition effects and avoid process instability. In addition, further attention on the relation between feedstock composition, organic loading rate and mixing regimes is required for continuous dry anaerobic digestion systems. This paper highlights all the areas where knowledge is scarce and value can be added to increase dry anaerobic digestion performance and expansion

Robust Ferroelectric State in Multiferroic Mn1−x_{1-x}Znx_xWO4_4

We report the remarkably robust ferroelectric state in the multiferroic compound Mn$_{1-x}$Zn$_x$WO$_4$. The substitution of the magnetic Mn$^{2+}$ with nonmagnetic Zn$^{2+}$ reduces the magnetic exchange and provides control of the various magnetic and multiferroic states of MnWO$_4$. Only 5 % of Zn substitution results in a complete suppression of the frustrated collinear (paraelectric) low temperature phase. The helical magnetic and ferroelectric phase develops as the ground state. The multiferroic state is stable up to a high level of substitution of more than 50 %. The magnetic, thermodynamic, and dielectric properties as well as the ferroelectric polarization of single crystals of Mn$_{1-x}$Zn$_x$WO$_4$ are studied for different substitutions up to x=0.5. The magnetic phases have been identified in single crystal neutron scattering experiments. The ferroelectric polarization scales with the neutron intensity of the incommensurate peak of the helical phase.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figure

Overcoming barriers to guideline implementation: the case of cardiac rehabilitation

Aims: This study explored the strategies used by cardiac rehabilitation (CR) coordinators to overcome the obstacles to implementation of the evidence-based Reducing Risk in Heart Disease guidelines. Methods: The study design used qualitative, semistructured in-depth interviews with 20 CR coordinators from New South Wales, Australia, to explore the strategies used to facilitate guideline implementation. Non-probability sampling was used torecruit CR coordinators to obtain a broad understandingof the issues. Interviews were transcribed and thematic content analysis was undertaken to identify common themes. Results: Coordinators addressed the barriers to implementing guidelines through their commitment tobest practice and striving to overcome the odds through providing opportunistic health education, alternate methods of secondary prevention, and partnering and engaging with local communities.Conclusions: Although CR coordinators face multiplebarriers to implementing evidence-based guidelines for patients with coronary heart disease, they use strategies such as harnessing community capacity and using available resources creatively. The development ofa more integrated, multifactorial and coordinated approach to improving use of guidelines in clinical practice to improve the treatment and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease is urgently needed

In-vitro experiment of Listeria reduction in ready-to-eat dry cured sausages

The risk of listeriosis associated with ready-to-eat foods is a major concern in United States. The recently published United States regulations require ready-to-eat meat producers to control Listeria monocytogenes, using interventions which may include antimicrobials that reduce post-processing contamination by at least 1 log cycle and that no more than 1 log increase throughout product shelf life. This regulation impact also the Spanish meat producers especially dry cured sausages, which export their products to USA. In this study, we analyzed in vitro, individually and in combinations, the commonly applied antimicrobials to reduce Listeria. Performing in-vitro experiment before applying directly on dry cured sausages offer us the benefits such as time and cost saving

Evolution of spin-wave excitations in ferromagnetic metallic manganites

Neutron scattering results are presented for spin-wave excitations of three ferromagnetic metallic $A_{1-x}A^{\prime}_{x}$MnO$_3$ manganites (where $A$ and $A^\prime$ are rare- and alkaline-earth ions), which when combined with previous work elucidate systematics of the interactions as a function of carrier concentration $x$, on-site disorder, and strength of the lattice distortion. The long wavelength spin dynamics show only a very weak dependence across the series. The ratio of fourth to first neighbor exchange ($J_4/J_1$) that controls the zone boundary magnon softening changes systematically with $x$, but does not depend on the other parameters. None of the prevailing models can account for these behaviors.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let