Optimized Double-well quantum interferometry with Gaussian squeezed-states

A Mach-Zender interferometer with a gaussian number-difference squeezed input state can exhibit sub-shot-noise phase resolution over a large phase-interval. We obtain the optimal level of squeezing for a given phase-interval $\Delta\theta_0$ and particle number $N$, with the resulting phase-estimation uncertainty smoothly approaching $3.5/N$ as $\Delta\theta_0$ approaches 10/N, achieved with highly squeezed states near the Fock regime. We then analyze an adaptive measurement scheme which allows any phase on $(-\pi/2,\pi/2)$ to be measured with a precision of $3.5/N$ requiring only a few measurements, even for very large $N$. We obtain an asymptotic scaling law of $\Delta\theta\approx (2.1+3.2\ln(\ln(N_{tot}\tan\Delta\theta_0)))/N_{tot}$, resulting in a final precision of $\approx 10/N_{tot}$. This scheme can be readily implemented in a double-well Bose-Einstein condensate system, as the optimal input states can be obtained by adiabatic manipulation of the double-well ground state.Comment: updated versio

Engineering the accurate distortion of an object's temperature-distribution signature

It is up to now a challenge to control the conduction of heat. Here we develop a method to distort the temperature distribution signature of an object at will. As a result, the object accurately exhibits the same temperature distribution signature as another object that is predetermined, but actually does not exist in the system. Our finite element simulations confirm the desired effect for different objects with various geometries and compositions. The underlying mechanism lies in the effects of thermal metamaterials designed by using this method. Our work is of value for applications in thermal engineering.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Structure of polydisperse inverse ferrofluids: Theory and computer simulation

By using theoretical analysis and molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the structure of colloidal crystals formed by nonmagnetic microparticles (or magnetic holes) suspended in ferrofluids (called inverse ferrofluids), by taking into account the effect of polydispersity in size of the nonmagnetic microparticles. Such polydispersity often exists in real situations. We obtain an analytical expression for the interaction energy of monodisperse, bidisperse, and polydisperse inverse ferrofluids. Body-centered tetragonal (bct) lattices are shown to possess the lowest energy when compared with other sorts of lattices and thus serve as the ground state of the systems. Also, the effect of microparticle size distributions (namely, polydispersity in size) plays an important role in the formation of various kinds of structural configurations. Thus, it seems possible to fabricate colloidal crystals by choosing appropriate polydispersity in size.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figure

Open-closed field algebras

We introduce the notions of open-closed field algebra and open-closed field algebra over a vertex operator algebra V. In the case that V satisfies certain finiteness and reductivity conditions, we show that an open-closed field algebra over V canonically gives an algebra over a \C-extension of the Swiss-cheese partial operad. We also give a tensor categorical formulation and categorical constructions of open-closed field algebras over V.Comment: 55 pages, largely revised, an old subsection is deleted, a few references are adde

Magnetophoresis of nonmagnetic particles in ferrofluids

Ferrofluids containing nonmagnetic particles are called inverse ferrofluids. On the basis of the Ewald-Kornfeld formulation and the Maxwell-Garnett theory, we theoretically investigate the magnetophoretic force exerting on the nonmagnetic particles in inverse ferrofluids due to the presence of a nonuniform magnetic field, by taking into account the structural transition and long-range interaction. We numerically demonstrate that the force can be adjusted by choosing appropriate lattices, volume fractions, geometric shapes, and conductivities of the nonmagnetic particles, as well as frequencies of external magnetic fields.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figure