Medical treatment in patients with osteoporotic hip fracture [Osteoporotik kalça kirikli hastada medikal tedavi]

The incidence of second hip fracture is high, reaching to 6-10% in the first four years after the first hip fracture. Previous hip fracture is not only a risk factor for subsequent hip fracture but also for other osteoporotic fractures including vertebra and distal radius. The incidences of osteoporotic diagnostic test requests including dual-energy X-ray absorbsiometry and treatment are still very low. Patients who undergo a bone mineral density examination are more likely to receive treatment. Therefore, ordering a bone mineral density examination in the orthopaedic clinics can dramatically improve osteoporosis evaluation and treatment rates following fragility fractures. Different guidelines all agree that older individuals with previous osteoporotic fractures should receive treatment. Calcium and vitamin D treatment forms the basis of any treatment for osteoporosis. The minimum effective dose to prevent osteoporotic fractures is 1200 mg/day for calcium and 800 IU/day for vitamin D. There are some effective agents to prevent hip fractures. There is a low rate of primary prevention and a still insufficient post-fracture therapy, along with an early discontinuation of osteoporosis medication in patients with previous hip fracture

Medical treatment of knee osteoarthritis [Diz osteoartritinin medikal tedavisi]

Several guidelines on the management of knee osteoarthritis (OA) have been published. This article will take into consideration the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) 2003 guidelines and the related literature published in 2004 and 2005. Paracetamol is the oral analgesic to try first in knee OA and, if successful, the preferred long term oral analgesic. Topical applications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and capsaicin have clinical efficacy and are safe. NSAIDs should be considered in patients unresponsive to paracetamol. Opioid analgesics, with or without paracetamol, are useful alternatives in patients in whom NSAIDs are contraindicated, ineffective, and/or poorly tolerated. Symptomatic slow acting drugs (glucosamine sulphate, chondroitin sulphate, unsaponifiable, diacerein, and hyaluronic acid) have symptomatic effects and may modify structure. Intra-articular injection of long acting corticosteroids is indicated for flare of knee pain, especially if accompanied by effusion

NON-PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN THE LIGHT OF TWO CASES

[No Abstract Available

WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF COVID-19 ON SKELETAL MUSCLE ?

[No Abstract Available

NECK AND UPPER EXTREMITY DISORDERS AMONG HEALTH PROFESSIONALS

[No Abstract Available