Elastic scattering and total reaction cross sections of 6^{6}Li studied with a microscopic continuum discretized coupled channels model

We present a systematic study of $^{6}$Li elastic scattering and total reaction cross sections at incident energies around the Coulomb barrier within the continuum discretized coupled-channels (CDCC) framework, where $^{6}$Li is treated in an $\alpha$+$d$ two-body model. Collisions with $^{27}$Al, $^{64}$Zn, $^{138}$Ba and $^{208}$Pa are analyzed. The microscopic optical potentials (MOP) based on Skyrme nucleon-nucleon interaction for $\alpha$ and $d$ are adopted in CDCC calculations and satisfactory agreement with the experimental data is obtained without any adjustment on MOPs. For comparison, the $\alpha$ and $d$ global phenomenological optical potentials (GOP) are also used in CDCC analysis and a reduction no less than 50$\%$ on the surface imaginary part of deuteron GOP is required for describing the data. In all cases, the $^6$Li breakup effect is significant and provides repulsive correction to the folding model potential. The reduction on the GOP of deuteron reveals a strong suppression of the reaction probability of deuteron as a component of $^{6}$Li as compared with that of a free deuteron. A further investigation is made by taking the $d$ breakup process into account equivalently within the dynamic polarization potential approach and it shows that $d$ behaves like a tightly bound nucleus in $^{6}$Li induced reactions. We also compare the CDCC results with those calculated with a $^6$Li GOP and it shows that CDCC calculations provide a better reproduction for the elastic scattering angular distributions in the sub-barrier energy region and the total reaction cross sections at energies around the Coulomb barrier.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figure

Exergy and economic analysis of organic Rankine cycle hybrid system utilizing biogas and solar energy in rural area of China

Due to the existing huge biogas resource in the rural area of China, biogas is widely used for production and living. Cogeneration system provides an opportunity to realize the balanced utilization of the renewable energy such as biogas and solar energy. This paper presented a numerical investigation of a hybrid energy-driven organic Rankine cycle (ORC) cogeneration system, involving a solar organic Rankine cycle and a biogas boiler. The biogas boiler with a module of solar Parabolic-Trough Collectors (PTC) is employed to provide heat source to the ORC via two distinct intermediate pressurized circuits. The cogeneration supplied the power to the air-condition in summer condition and hot water, which is heated in the condenser, in winter condition. The system performance under the subcritical pressures has been assessed according to the energy-exergy and economic analysis with the organic working fluid R123. The effects of various parameters such as the evaporation and condensation temperatures on system performance were investigated. The net power generation efficiency of the cogeneration system is 11.17%, which is 25.8% higher than that of the base system at an evaporation temperature 110℃. The exergy efficiency of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system increases from 35.2% to 38.2%. Moreover, an economic analysis of the system is carried out. The results demonstrate that the profits generated from the reduction of biogas fuel and electricity consumption can lead to a significant saving, resulting in an approximate annual saving from $1,700 to$3,000. Finally, a case study based on the consideration of typical rural residence was performed, which needs a payback period of 7.8 years under the best case