Figuring and smoothing capabilities of elastic emission machining for low-thermal-expansion glass optics

The use of elastic emission machining (EEM) for fabricating optics from low-thermal-expansion glass for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is examined. EUV optics require figure accuracy and surface roughness of 0.1 nm root mean square (rms) or better. EEM using a rotating-sphere head is demonstrated to achieve this level of surface smoothness after a certain depth of removal dependent on the material being processed. In tests of continuous machining for 12 h, no increase in surface roughness is observed, demonstrating the high temporal stability of this noncontact processing method. EEM using a rotating-sphere head is thus confirmed to have sufficient figuring and smoothing capability for the fabrication of EUV optics. © 2007 American Vacuum Society.M. Kanaoka et al. "Figuring and smoothing capabilities of elastic emission machining for low-thermal-expansion glass optics", Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena 25, 2110-2113 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1116/1.2789440

Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 By Membrane-type 1-MMP Through An Artificial Receptor For ProMMP-2 Generates Active MMP-2

Division of Molecular Viology and Oncolog

Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase modulates focal adhension stability and cell migration

Division of Molecular Viology and Oncolog