In-vivo Immunomodulatory Activities of Essential Oils of Artemisia abyssinica and Lepidium sativum in Mice

Kassahun Dires Ayenew,1 Amare Ayalew,2 Yehualashet Teshome Wondmkun,1 Abate Wondesen Tsige,1 Addis Wolde,3 Yihenew Sewale,4 Gebremedhin Desta Belihu,5 Engidashet Fekade,1 Habtemariam Alekaw Habteweld1 1Department of Pharmacy, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; 2Department of Chemistry, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; 3Traditional Herbalist, North Shewa Zone, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; 4Department of Nursing, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; 5Department of Statistics, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Kassahun Dires Ayenew, Department of Pharmacy, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia, Email [email protected]: Ethiopians use Artemisia abyssinica and Lepidium sativum as immunity enhancers. However, there is no scientific validation conducted so far regarding this claim. The aim of this study was to investigate the in-vivo immunomodulatory activities of essential oils of A. abyssinica and L. sativum in mice.Methods: The extraction was carried out using the earlier techniques. By hydro distilling fresh seeds and aerial portions of A. abyssinica and L. sativum, respectively, essential oils were obtained. Essential oils of both plants were tested at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. The rate of carbon clearance, humoral antibody titer, delayed type hypersensitivity response, spleen and thymus indices were evaluated in mice according to scientific protocols. The carbon clearance assay was determined using carbon ink. Sheep red blood cell was used as an antigen for other tests.Results: Essential oils of A. abyssinica and L. sativum at 400 mg/kg significantly increased the rate of carbon clearance from the body of mice (p< 0.05). The maximum carbon clearance rate was achieved for A. byssinica essential oil at 400 mg/kg. Both essential oils raised the level of HAT to SRBC in comparison to the vehicle and cyclophosphamide administered groups. The largest (84.668± 1.951) mean secondary HAT to SRBC was generated by L. sativum essential oil at 400 mg/kg (p< 0.001). A. abyssinica essential oil at 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly increased the level of thymus index compared to the model group (p< 0.05 and 0.01 respectively). The levamisole group experienced the highest increase in thymus index (p< 0.001). Essential oil of L. sativum at 400 mg/kg also increased the level of thymus index. The spleen index in mice was improved by the essential oils only at the highest dose levels (400 mg/kg).Conclusion: It can be inferred that the essential oils of L. sativum and A. abyssinica have immunostimulant properties.Keywords: Artemisia abyssinica, Lepidium sativum, immunomodulatory, in-viv