Development of achromatic full-field hard X-ray microscopy and its application to X-ray absorption near edge structure spectromicroscopy

S. Matsuyama, Y. Emi, H. Kino, Y. Kohmura, M. Yabashi, T. Ishikawa, and K. Yamauchi "Development of achromatic full-field hard x-ray microscopy and its application to x-ray absorption near edge structure spectromicroscopy", Proc. SPIE 9207, Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components IX, 92070Q (5 September 2014); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2060783

High spatial resolution hard X-ray microscope using X-ray refractive lens and phase contrast imaging experiments

A high spatial resolution X-ray microscope was constructed using an X-ray refractive lens as an objective. The spatial resolution was tested using 18 keV X-ray. A 0.4 mm line and 0.4 mm space tantalum test pattern was successfully resolved. Using the similar setup with the addition of a phase plate, a Zernike type phase-contrast microscopy experiment was carried out for the phase retrieval of the samples. Two-dimensional phase-contrast images were successfully taken for the first time in the hard X-ray region. Images of a gold mesh sample were analyzed and the validity of this method was indicated. An improvement of the lens, however, is required for the precise phase retrieval of the samples. # 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Development of achromatic full-field x-ray microscopy with compact imaging mirror system

S. Matsuyama, Y. Emi, H. Kino, Y. Sano, Y. Kohmura, K. Tamasaku, M. Yabashi, T. Ishikawa, and K. Yamauchi "Development of achromatic full-field x-ray microscopy with compact imaging mirror system", Proc. SPIE 8851, X-Ray Nanoimaging: Instruments and Methods, 885107 (26 September 2013); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2023152

Glass capillary X-ray lens: fabrication technique and ray tracing calculations

A new method for producing a compound refractive X-ray lens is described. The lens is designed as glass capillary "lled by a set of concave individual lenses. The method is appropriate for the preparation of 10}1000 spherical lenses in a glass capillary with a diameter of 0.1}1 mm. Lens aberrations are considered and simple formulas for spot size are derived. Ray-tracing simulations on the focusing experiments using 18 keV X-rays are reported. ( 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Size-changeable x-ray beam collimation using an adaptive x-ray optical system based on four deformable mirrors

T. Goto, S. Matsuyama, H. Nakamori, H. Hayashi, Y. Sano, Y. Kohmura, M. Yabashi, T. Ishikawa, and K. Yamauchi "Size-changeable x-ray beam collimation using an adaptive x-ray optical system based on four deformable mirrors", Proc. SPIE 9965, Adaptive X-Ray Optics IV, 996502 (27 October 2016); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2238794

The Earliest Optical Observations of GRB 030329

We present the earliest optical imaging observations of GRB 030329 related to SN 2003dh. The burst was detected by the HETE-2 satellite at 2003 March 29, 11:37:14.67 UT. Our wide-field monitoring started 97 minutes before the trigger and the burst position was continuously observed. We found no precursor or contemporaneous flare brighter than $V=5.1$ ($V=5.5$) in 32 s (64 s) timescale between 10:00 and 13:00 UT. Follow-up time series photometries started at 12:51:39 UT (75 s after position notice through the GCN) and continued for more than 5 hours. The afterglow was $Rc= 12.35\pm0.07$ at $t=74$ min after burst. Its fading between 1.2 and 6.3 hours is well characterized by a single power-law of the form $f{\rm(mJy)} = (1.99\pm0.02{\rm (statistic)}\pm0.14{\rm (systematic)}) \times (t/1 {\rm day})^{-0.890\pm 0.006 {\rm (statistic)}\pm 0.010 {\rm (systematic)}}$ in $Rc$-band. No significant flux variation was detected and upper limits are derived as $(\Delta f/f)_{\rm RMS} = 3-5$% in minutes to hours timescales and $(\Delta f/f)_{\rm RMS} = 35-5$% in seconds to minutes timescales. Such a featureless lightcurve is explained by the smooth distribution of circumburst medium. Another explanation is that the optical band was above the synchrotron cooling frequency where emergent flux is insensitive to the ambient density contrasts. Extrapolation of the afterglow lightcurve to the burst epoch excludes the presence of an additional flare component at $t<10$ minutes as seen in GRB 990123 and GRB 021211.Comment: ApJL, in pres