Natural Approaches to Crop Protection and Soil Conservation

Guest speakers: Mr. Nelson Laville, Plant Pathologist, Phyto-Sol Plus Inc. - Dominica, Mr. Damian Adjodha, Agroecological production specialist, New Flower Regenerative Garden - St. LuciaMr. Nelson Laville, Plant Pathologist at Phyto-Sol Plus Inc. Dominica, presents on some simple, practical and cost-effective natural approaches to crop protection in agriculture production. Mr. Laville delves into plant health and crop protection, common pests encountered on farms in the Caribbean, understanding of plant and pest interaction, key factors that influences plan health, integrated crop management as a whole farm approach, and approaches to natural crop protection including nutrition, planting and harvesting time, use of resistant crop varieties, habitats and crop diversity, recipes for home-made remedies and botanicals for treating pest a diseases in agriculture crops.Mr. Damian Adjodha, Agroecosystems Director at New Flower Regenerative Garden St. Lucia, presents on regenearative agroecological soil conservation where he delves into leaning soil conservaition from the forest and implemenitng it on the farm, orchestrating ecological niches by observing guiding elements in a natural system that works in sysnergy together, the use of vetiver grass, stones, cover crops and green manure in agroecology and soil conservation. Mr. Adjodha also shares his experience and methods of regenerative soil management

Approches Naturelles de la Protection des Cultures et de la Conservation des Sols

Guest speakers: Mr. Nelson Laville, Plant Pathologist, Phyto-Sol Plus Inc. - Dominica, Mr. Damian Adjodha, Agroecological production specialist, New Flower Regenerative Garden - St. LuciaM. Nelson Laville, phytopathologiste chez Phyto-Sol Plus Inc. Dominique, présente quelques approches simples, pratiques et naturelles à effet de coût pour protéger les cultures et la production agricole. M. Laville se penche sur la santé des végétaux et la protection des cultures, les ravageurs courants rencontrés dans les fermes des Caraïbes, la compréhension de l’interaction entre les plantes et les ravageurs, les facteurs clés qui influencent la santé du plan, la gestion intégrée des cultures dans l’ensemble de l’exploitation et les approches de la protection naturelle des cultures, y compris la nutrition, le moment de la plantation et de la récolte, l’utilisation de variétés de cultures résistantes, les habitats et la diversité des cultures. Recettes pour les remèdes maison et les plantes pour le traitement des ravageurs et des maladies dans les cultures agricoles.M. Damian Adjodha, directeur des agroécosystèmes au New Flower Regenerative Garden St. Lucia, présente la conservation agroécologique régénératrice des sols où il se penche sur la conservation des sols de la forêt et sa mise en œuvre à la ferme, en orchestrant des niches écologiques en observant les éléments directeurs d’un système naturel qui fonctionne en synergie ensemble, l’utilisation de l’herbe de vétiver, des pierres, les cultures de couverture et les engrais verts dans l’agroécologie et la conservation des sols. M. Adjodha partage également son expérience et ses méthodes de gestion régénérative des sols

Risk Management Solutions for Supply Shortages

Mr. Dominique Zami, Manager, PTL Agro - Guadelopue, Ms. Yannick Bock, Manager of the Agriculture and Agro-Food Project, Communauté D'Agglomération Du Nord Grande-Terre - Guadeloupe, Ms. Céline Carles, Environment and Agriculture Officer, DENEL - MartiniqueMr. Dominique Zami, Manager of PTL AGRO Guadeloupe shares the experiences in working towards meeting food related economic and societal challenges through a range of food and processed food products. Mr. Zami discusses how PTL Agro works with local farmers and producers to secure it supply in order to efficiently process its local Guadeloupe products which includes chopped vegetables, chips, flour and flour mixes and cookies as well as some of the key actions that have contributed to the company successes. Ms. Yannick Bock, Manager of the Agriculture and Agro-Food Project in Nothern Grande-Terre Urban Community in Guadeloupe shares her experiences implementing the Territorial Food Plan which is a concerted approach to the development of agriculture and the agro-ecological transition.Ms. Céline Carles, Environment and Agriculture Officer at DENEL Martinique shares her experiences in encouraging local sourcing of raw material and adapting to inter-seasonality. Ms. Carles provides a brief background on DENEL which was founded in 1908 as a pineapple canning factory and goes on to provide details on the main activitities and adaptation strategies implemented by DENEL to manage climate change impact, reduce negative environmental impact, and inter-seasonality of raw material

Tools for a resilient agriculture in the Caribbean

Mr. Laurenzo Tirtopawiro, Agricultural Technology and Innovation Specialist, Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) - Suriname, Mr. Kent Coipel, Technical Specialist, Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) - Dominica, Mr. Craig Thomas, National Specialist, Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) - Antigua & BarbudaMr. Laurenzo Tirtopawiro, Technical Specialist at the IICA Delegation in Suriname shares the experiences of enhancing the climate responsiveness of Suriname's agriculture sector through the promotion and implementation of climate smart agriculture technology.Mr. Kent Coipel, Technical Specialist at the IICA Delegation in Dominica shares the experiences of addressing the impacts of climate change through the implementing vetiver grass as a green engineering and Nature-based solution for reducing soil erosion, slope stabilization and soil water management, as well as community beautification and a complementary to grey engineering. Mr. Coipel also explains the process for installing the vetiver system and the various applications of the vetiver system.Mr. Craig Thomas, National Specialist at the IICA Delegation in Antigua and Barbuda shares the experiences of implementing vetiver grass as a green engineering-and Nature-based solution at a landfill for reducing soil erosion, sedimentation and contamination of coastal mangroves geared towards improving mangrove ecosystem health and biodiversity

Outils pour une agriculture résiliente dans la Caraïbe

Conférenciers invités : M. Laurenzo Tirtopawiro, Spécialiste de la technologie et de l'innovation agricoles, Institut interaméricain de coopération pour l'agriculture (IICA) - Suriname, M. Kent Coipel, Spécialiste technique, Institut interaméricain de coopération pour l'agriculture (IICA) - Dominique, M. Craig Thomas, Spécialiste national, Institut interaméricain de coopération pour l'agriculture (IICA) - Antigua-et-BarbudaM. Laurenzo Tirtopawiro, spécialiste technique à la délégation de l’IICA au Suriname, partage les expériences de l’amélioration de la réactivité climatique du secteur agricole du Suriname grâce à la promotion et à la mise en œuvre de technologies d’agriculture intelligente face au climat.M. Kent Coipel, spécialiste technique à la délégation de l’IICA en Dominique, partage les expériences en matière de lutte contre les impacts du changement climatique grâce à la mise en œuvre de l’herbe vertigineuse en tant que solution d’ingénierie verte et de base naturelle pour réduire l’érosion des sols, la stabilisation des pentes et la gestion de l’eau du sol, ainsi que l’embellissement des communautés et un complément à l’ingénierie grise. M. Coipel explique également le processus d’installation du système de vétiver et les différentes applications du système de vétiver.M. Craig Thomas, spécialiste national à la délégation de l’IICA à Antigua-et-Barbuda, partage les expériences de la mise en œuvre de l’herbe vertiver en tant que solution d’ingénierie verte et de base naturelle et de décharge pour réduire l’érosion des sols, la sédimentation et la contamination des mangroves côtières dans le but d’améliorer la santé de l’écosystème et la biodiversité des mangroves

State of the climate in 2018

In 2018, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth’s atmosphere—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—continued their increase. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth’s surface was 407.4 ± 0.1 ppm, the highest in the modern instrumental record and in ice core records dating back 800 000 years. Combined, greenhouse gases and several halogenated gases contribute just over 3 W m−2 to radiative forcing and represent a nearly 43% increase since 1990. Carbon dioxide is responsible for about 65% of this radiative forcing. With a weak La Niña in early 2018 transitioning to a weak El Niño by the year’s end, the global surface (land and ocean) temperature was the fourth highest on record, with only 2015 through 2017 being warmer. Several European countries reported record high annual temperatures. There were also more high, and fewer low, temperature extremes than in nearly all of the 68-year extremes record. Madagascar recorded a record daily temperature of 40.5°C in Morondava in March, while South Korea set its record high of 41.0°C in August in Hongcheon. Nawabshah, Pakistan, recorded its highest temperature of 50.2°C, which may be a new daily world record for April. Globally, the annual lower troposphere temperature was third to seventh highest, depending on the dataset analyzed. The lower stratospheric temperature was approximately fifth lowest. The 2018 Arctic land surface temperature was 1.2°C above the 1981–2010 average, tying for third highest in the 118-year record, following 2016 and 2017. June’s Arctic snow cover extent was almost half of what it was 35 years ago. Across Greenland, however, regional summer temperatures were generally below or near average. Additionally, a satellite survey of 47 glaciers in Greenland indicated a net increase in area for the first time since records began in 1999. Increasing permafrost temperatures were reported at most observation sites in the Arctic, with the overall increase of 0.1°–0.2°C between 2017 and 2018 being comparable to the highest rate of warming ever observed in the region. On 17 March, Arctic sea ice extent marked the second smallest annual maximum in the 38-year record, larger than only 2017. The minimum extent in 2018 was reached on 19 September and again on 23 September, tying 2008 and 2010 for the sixth lowest extent on record. The 23 September date tied 1997 as the latest sea ice minimum date on record. First-year ice now dominates the ice cover, comprising 77% of the March 2018 ice pack compared to 55% during the 1980s. Because thinner, younger ice is more vulnerable to melting out in summer, this shift in sea ice age has contributed to the decreasing trend in minimum ice extent. Regionally, Bering Sea ice extent was at record lows for almost the entire 2017/18 ice season. For the Antarctic continent as a whole, 2018 was warmer than average. On the highest points of the Antarctic Plateau, the automatic weather station Relay (74°S) broke or tied six monthly temperature records throughout the year, with August breaking its record by nearly 8°C. However, cool conditions in the western Bellingshausen Sea and Amundsen Sea sector contributed to a low melt season overall for 2017/18. High SSTs contributed to low summer sea ice extent in the Ross and Weddell Seas in 2018, underpinning the second lowest Antarctic summer minimum sea ice extent on record. Despite conducive conditions for its formation, the ozone hole at its maximum extent in September was near the 2000–18 mean, likely due to an ongoing slow decline in stratospheric chlorine monoxide concentration. Across the oceans, globally averaged SST decreased slightly since the record El Niño year of 2016 but was still far above the climatological mean. On average, SST is increasing at a rate of 0.10° ± 0.01°C decade−1 since 1950. The warming appeared largest in the tropical Indian Ocean and smallest in the North Pacific. The deeper ocean continues to warm year after year. For the seventh consecutive year, global annual mean sea level became the highest in the 26-year record, rising to 81 mm above the 1993 average. As anticipated in a warming climate, the hydrological cycle over the ocean is accelerating: dry regions are becoming drier and wet regions rainier. Closer to the equator, 95 named tropical storms were observed during 2018, well above the 1981–2010 average of 82. Eleven tropical cyclones reached Saffir–Simpson scale Category 5 intensity. North Atlantic Major Hurricane Michael’s landfall intensity of 140 kt was the fourth strongest for any continental U.S. hurricane landfall in the 168-year record. Michael caused more than 30 fatalities and $25 billion (U.S. dollars) in damages. In the western North Pacific, Super Typhoon Mangkhut led to 160 fatalities and$6 billion (U.S. dollars) in damages across the Philippines, Hong Kong, Macau, mainland China, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands. Tropical Storm Son-Tinh was responsible for 170 fatalities in Vietnam and Laos. Nearly all the islands of Micronesia experienced at least moderate impacts from various tropical cyclones. Across land, many areas around the globe received copious precipitation, notable at different time scales. Rodrigues and Réunion Island near southern Africa each reported their third wettest year on record. In Hawaii, 1262 mm precipitation at Waipā Gardens (Kauai) on 14–15 April set a new U.S. record for 24-h precipitation. In Brazil, the city of Belo Horizonte received nearly 75 mm of rain in just 20 minutes, nearly half its monthly average. Globally, fire activity during 2018 was the lowest since the start of the record in 1997, with a combined burned area of about 500 million hectares. This reinforced the long-term downward trend in fire emissions driven by changes in land use in frequently burning savannas. However, wildfires burned 3.5 million hectares across the United States, well above the 2000–10 average of 2.7 million hectares. Combined, U.S. wildfire damages for the 2017 and 2018 wildfire seasons exceeded $40 billion (U.S. dollars)

Historique des incitations de l'Etat en faveur de la promotion des economies d'energie dans l'industrie (hors recherche et developpement) de 1975 a 1993

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Gender Inequalities in Remote Settings : Analysis of 105,025 Medical Records of a Rural Hospital in Ethiopia (2005-2015)

Gender inequalities in Sub-Saharan Africa are deemed relevant but data to support this view are scanty. Retrospective analysis of a large dataset of 105,025 patients admitted to an Ethiopian rural private, non-for-profit hospital over a 11\ua0years period (2005-2015). Since 2001, the hospital and the local community are involved in a long-term, comprehensive and externally-supported health care intervention. The total number of admissions was higher for females (61.9% of the total) mainly because of the high frequency of admissions for obstetrics conditions. The total male-to-female ratio (M:F) was 0.6. Except for malaria, men had more admissions for the other leading causes, with the highest M:F being found for injuries (2.7) and musculoskeletal diseases (1.7). Overall, excluding admissions for pregnancy-related issues, the M:F was 1.4. The frequency of admissions changed with age and gender. Female admissions prevailed in the reproductive age period (from 15 to 44\ua0years of age) while males admissions prevailed in the younger and older age groups. The case fatality rate was higher for men (M:F\u2009=\u20092.0). The total M:F and the M:F excluding pregnancy-related admissions did not change during the study period. Gender inequalities do exist in rural remote setting but tend to affect women differently during their lifespan. Even if gender inequalities generally favor males, the substantial proportion of admissions for pregnancy-related situations is encouraging

Knowledge and Practice of Wound Care and Associated Factors among Nurses Working in South Wollo Zone Government Hospitals, Ethiopia

Belachew Tegegne,1 Feruza Yimam,2 Zemen Mengesha Yalew,1 Mekuriaw Wuhib,1 Leul Mekonnen,1 Yibeltal Asmamaw Yitayew,3 Sewunet Ademe,1 Dejen Tsegaye,4 Yeshiambaw Eshetie,5 Muluken Chanie6 1Department of Comprehensive Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; 2Department of Nursing, Tropical College of Medicine, Dessie, Ethiopia; 3Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; 4Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia; 5Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia; 6Department of Nursing, Debre Tabor Health Science College, Debre Tabor, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Zemen Mengesha Yalew, Tel +251 91-805-7019, Email [email protected]: Wound infection is caused by pathogenic organisms invading viable tissue surrounding a localized defect or excavation in the skin or underlying soft tissue. Nurses have a critical role in wound care and dressing selection, and they should strive to stay current in this ever-changing field. To prevent wound infection, it is essential to improve wound-care knowledge and practice.Objective: To assess knowledge and practice of wound care and associated factors among nurses working in government hospitals of South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia.Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was used among 422 randomly selected nurses in government hospitals in South Wollo. A pretested structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were entered in EpiData 4.4.2 and exported to SPSS 25.0 for analysis. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were applied. Variables with P value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant for knowledge and good practice of wound care.Results: According to the findings, 40.3% and 51.0% had good knowledge and practice of wound care, respectively. Holding a bachelor’s degree or above (AOR 3.27, 95% CI 1.97– 5.43) and training (AOR 3.71, 95% CI 2.37– 5.81) were significantly associated with knowledge of wound care. More than 10 years of experience (AOR 3.15, 95% CI 1.96– 5.04), training (AOR 3.75, 95% CI, 2.38– 5.85), and not having a patient load (AOR 3.15, 95% CI 1.96– 5.04) were significantly associated with wound-care practices.Conclusion: Nurses’ wound-care knowledge and practice were low. Knowledge and practice on wound care were determined by educatio, training, patient load, and experience. Nurses should get training and share experience.Keywords: wound care, knowledge, practice, Ethiopi

Rapport d'avancement semestriel GENEC 1991. Mai 1991 - Decembre 1991 Note technique DTE/SCC/LVT/92-012

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