Impacts of chemical-assisted thermal pretreatments on methane production from fruit and vegetable harvesting wastes: process optimization

PubMed ID: 31979363The increasing population creates excess pressure on the plantation and production of fruits and vegetables across the world. Consumption demand during the whole year has made production compulsory in the covered production system (greenhouse). Production, harvesting, processing, transporting, and distribution chains of fruit and vegetables have resulted in a huge amount of wastes as an alternative source to produce biofuels. In this study, optimization of two pretreatment processes (NaOH and HCl assisted thermal) was investigated to enhance methane production from fruit and vegetable harvesting wastes (FVHW) that originate from greenhouses. NaOH concentration (0-6.5%), HCl concentration (0-5%), reaction temperature (60-100 °C), solid content (1-5%), time of reaction (1-5 h), and mixing speed (0-500 rpm) were chosen in a wide range of levels to optimize the process in a broad design boundary and to evaluate the positive and negative impacts of independent variables along with their ranges. Increasing NaOH and HCl concentrations resulted in higher COD solubilization but decreased the concentration of soluble sugars that can be converted directly into methane. Thus, the increasing concentrations of NaOH and HCl in the pretreatments have resulted in low methane production. The most important independent variables impacting COD and sugar solubilization were found to be chemical concentration (as NaOH and HCl), solid content and reaction temperature for the optimization of pretreatment processes. The high amount of methane productions in the range of 222-365 mL CH4 gVS-1 was obtained by the simple thermal application without using chemical agents as NaOH or HCl. Maximum enhancement of methane production was 47-68% compared to raw FVHW when 5% solid content, 1-hour reaction time and 60-100 °C reaction temperature were applied in pretreatments

PD-L1 expression in immune cells is a favorable prognostic factor for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Background: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been determined as a reliable prognostic factor for various malignancies. In this study, we aimed to determine the prognostic effect of PD-L1 expression in tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.Methods: Seventy patients diagnosed with non-metastatic NPC were included in the study. PD-L1 expression on immune cells was analyzed by immunohistochemical method. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the PD-L1 expression level in TIICs (level of PD-L1 staining ≥5% positive vs <5% negative).Results: Median follow-up period was 34 months (range = 1 - 188). 1 and 2 years survival rate were found as 75% and 63% in PD-L1 negative TIICs group (47%), and 85% and 83% in PD-L1 positive TIICs group (53%), respectively. PD-L1 positivity in immune cells (ICs) was detected in 53% of the patients. The survival rate was found better in the PD- L1 positive group compared to the negative group (P = 0.049).Discussion: In conclusion, the survival rate was found significantly better in the PD-L1 positive TIICs group, compared to the negative group

The study of Samuel barber’s analysis of hıs vıolın Concerto Op. 14

Araştırmanın konusunu Samuel BARBER'ın Op. 14 Keman Konçertosu'nun incelenmesi” oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmada Samuel BARBER'ın müzikal hayatı, önemli yapıtları, kendine özgü bestecilik özellikleri ile bestecinin en önemli eserlerinden Op. 14 Keman Konçertosu incelenmiş, 20. yüzyıl keman repertuvarının en çok çalınan konçertolarından olan bu eser ile bestecisinin daha iyi anlaşılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırmanın modeli “Örnek Olay” Tarama Modelidir. Araştırmaya konu olan bilgi ve veriler ilgili literatür taranarak toplanmış, Keman Konçertosu'nun incelendiği kısımda ise analitik yöntemlere başvurulmuştur.The subject of the study is composed of examining “The Study of Samuel BARBER’s Analysis of Violin Concerto Op. 14”. In this study are examined Samuel BARBER's musical life, his significant works, his unique compositional characteristics, and his one of the most important works, Violin Concerto Op. 14. This study aims to provide a better understanding of this concerto, which is one of the most popular violin concertos of the 20th century violin repertoire, and his composer. The model of this study is the "Case Study". The datas and informations of the study were collected by researching the related literature. In the analysis sections were used analytical methods

The study of Samuel barber’s analysis of hıs vıolın Concerto Op. 14

Araştırmanın konusunu Samuel BARBER'ın Op. 14 Keman Konçertosu'nun incelenmesi” oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmada Samuel BARBER'ın müzikal hayatı, önemli yapıtları, kendine özgü bestecilik özellikleri ile bestecinin en önemli eserlerinden Op. 14 Keman Konçertosu incelenmiş, 20. yüzyıl keman repertuvarının en çok çalınan konçertolarından olan bu eser ile bestecisinin daha iyi anlaşılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırmanın modeli “Örnek Olay” Tarama Modelidir. Araştırmaya konu olan bilgi ve veriler ilgili literatür taranarak toplanmış, Keman Konçertosu'nun incelendiği kısımda ise analitik yöntemlere başvurulmuştur.The subject of the study is composed of examining “The Study of Samuel BARBER’s Analysis of Violin Concerto Op. 14”. In this study are examined Samuel BARBER's musical life, his significant works, his unique compositional characteristics, and his one of the most important works, Violin Concerto Op. 14. This study aims to provide a better understanding of this concerto, which is one of the most popular violin concertos of the 20th century violin repertoire, and his composer. The model of this study is the "Case Study". The datas and informations of the study were collected by researching the related literature. In the analysis sections were used analytical methods

Soru Sorma Yöntemiyle ilgili Lisansüstü Tezlerin İncelenmesi

Bu çalışmanın amacı, soru sorma yöntemi konusunda yapılmış lisansüstü tezleri çeşitlideğişkenlere göre analiz etmektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezinin veritabanından, eğitim-öğretim konu başlığı ile sınırlandırılan 1993-2022 yılları arasında tamamlanan26 yüksek lisans ve 8 doktora tezi oluşturmaktadır. İncelenen lisansüstü tezler, yayınlanma yılı,danışmanının unvanı, bilim dalı, tezin yapıldığı üniversite, yöntem, örneklem, veri toplama araçlarıvb. gibi birçok değişkene göre incelenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde nitel yöntemin “doküman analizi”tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, soru sorma yöntemiyle ilgili yüksek lisanstezlerinin sayısı, doktora tezlerinin sayısından fazladır. Tezlerin yayımladıkları iller incelendiğindeAnkara ve İstanbul’da daha çok araştırma yapıldığı görülmüştür. En çok tez yayımlanan üniversiteGazi Üniversitesi olurken, araştırmalarda nitel yöntem daha çok tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmacılardaha çok gözlem yoluyla veri toplamışlardır. Araştırmaların çoğunda öğretmen ve öğrencilerinsoru sorma becerilerinin incelendiği görülmüştür.</p

A COMPARISON OF AIRLINE SERVICE EXPECTATIONS BETWEENPASSENGERS OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL FLIGHTS

The air transportation industry in Turkey is developing rapidly in recent years. Inparalel with this development, the number of airline companies and passengers areincreasing drastically. Thus, searching and understanding the expectations ofpassengers in airline services are getting importance for airline companies.Thisstudy measures and compares differences in passengers’ expectations of thedesired airline service quality in terms of the dimensions of relialibility,assurance, facilities, employees, flight patterns,customization and responsiveness.In this research a between-groups comparison designof data obtained in a onetime measurement in the field. The number of questionnaires applied was 421 fordomestic flight passengers and 400 for international flight passengers departingfrom different Turkish airports. Data collecting method used in the study was 5-point Likert type self-report questionnaire filledby the respondents on voluntarybasis. The findings demonstrated that significant differences exist between thedomestic and international flight passenger groupsregarding their income level.The findings also indicated that for domestic flight passengers “assurance” wasranked as the most important service quality dimension and ‘reliability’ wasranked by international flight passengers as the most important dimension

Penile agenesis: a case report

Penile agenesis is a rarely seen congenital anomaly with dramatic psychological outcomes. In more than half of the patients, other genitourinary anomalies can accompany penile agenesis. We herein present a newborn with rectovesical fistula associated with vesicoureteral fistula

Effects of hydrodynamic cavitation-assisted NaoOH pretreatment on biofuel production from cyanobacteria: promising approach

Eukaryotic microalgae and prokaryotic cyanobacteria can grow in various water and wastewater types, and both can grow biomass by taking nutrients and converting atmospheric CO2 into useful products. Biofuels obtained by processing this landless grown biomass are defined as “third-generation biofuels”. In this study, the effects of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC)-assisted NaOH pretreatment on methane production from cyanobacteria were investigated. Cyanobacterial biomass was isolated from thermal springs located in the southwest of Turkey (Denizli-Turkey) and identified as Desertifilum tharense. Desertifilum tharense biomass was grown on a laboratory scale, and along with its compositional characteristics, culture-specific parameters were determined. HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment was applied to evaluate optimum process conditions for enhancing methane production from D. tharense. In the experimental design, process parameters of cavitation number (Cv: 0.3-0.7), NaOH concentration (0–4%), solid content (1.5%), reaction time (4h), and reaction temperature (30°C) were combined to reveal the parameter-specific impact of HC pretreatment. The effect of the HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment was further investigated with molecular-bond and surface structure characterization. Along with the energy equivalent of obtained biofuel, energy requirements for cultivation, harvesting, pretreatment, and anaerobic digestion (AD) were calculated to determine the process’s overall energy efficiency. Kinetic parameters of raw and pretreated D. tharense were determined by first-order, cone, modified Gompertz, and reaction curve models. The results revealed that by the application of pretreatment, a 2-35.3% soluble COD increase was achieved, whereas methane production was increased from 241.5 to 290.6 mLCH4 gVS−1. Application of HC with a low Cv of 0.3 boosted methane production up to 20.3% compared to the raw D. tharense

A Case with Bilateral Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia Diagnosed as Depression

Periventricular nodular heterotopia is a form of neuronal migration abnormality. Periventricular nodular heterotopia can easily be recognized by cranial magnetic resonance imaging. The most common clinical appearance is epileptic seizures. In some cases, symptoms are accompanied with psychiatric complaints. In this article, we report a 33-year-old female with complaints of left-sided paresthesia induced by emotional stress. She had been followed at an outpatient psychiatry clinic for about 10 years with the diagnosis of somatization disorder. Her electroencephalography recordings -awake as well as during sleep- were found to be normal. The cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia. Her seizures were controlled with carbamazepine treatment. Partial epileptic seizures might also be observed, even though the cerebral heterotopic lesions are bilateral. When a history is obtained from a patient with somatoform complaints, it should be kept in mind that these symptoms might be seizures, and the patient should be questioned accordingl