A multi-lab test of the facial feedback hypothesis by the Many Smiles Collaboration

Following theories of emotional embodiment, the facial feedback hypothesis suggests that individuals' subjective experiences of emotion are influenced by their facial expressions. However, evidence for this hypothesis has been mixed. We thus formed a global adversarial collaboration and carried out a preregistered, multicentre study designed to specify and test the conditions that should most reliably produce facial feedback effects. Data from n = 3,878 participants spanning 19 countries indicated that a facial mimicry and voluntary facial action task could both amplify and initiate feelings of happiness. However, evidence of facial feedback effects was less conclusive when facial feedback was manipulated unobtrusively via a pen-in-mouth task

A Multi-Lab Test of the Facial Feedback Hypothesis by the Many Smiles Collaboration

Following theories of emotional embodiment, the facial feedback hypothesis suggests that individuals’ subjective experiences of emotion are influenced by their facial expressions. However, evidence for this hypothesis has been mixed. We thus formed a global adversarial collaboration and carried out a preregistered, multicentre study designed to specify and test the conditions that should most reliably produce facial feedback effects. Data from n = 3,878 participants spanning 19 countries indicated that a facial mimicry and voluntary facial action task could both amplify and initiate feelings of happiness. However, evidence of facial feedback effects was less conclusive when facial feedback was manipulated unobtrusively via a pen-in-mouth task

Development of Turkish DRM Lists with Emotional Words

Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigması (Deese, 1959; Roediger ve McDermott, 1995), anlamsal ilişkili sözcük listelerinin ortak olarak çağrıştırdığı ancak gerçekte hiç görülmemiş sözcüğe dair güçlü bir bellek yanılması yaratmaktadır. Gözlenen bellek yanılmasının oldukça güçlü olması literatürde bu paradigmanın sıklıkla kullanılmasını, farklı değişkenlerin bu yanılmaya etkisinin incelenmesini ve farklı dillerde DRM listelerinin geliştirilmesini sağlamıştır. Geliştirilmiş olan mevcut DRM listelerinde bellek yanılmasını etkileyebilecek bazı sözcük özellikleri (Örn., somutluk, sıklık, imgelem gücü vb.) kontrol edilmesine karşın, sözcüklerin duygusal değerlikleri sıklıkla göz ardı edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, çeşitli sözcük özellikleri açısından kontrol edilmiş pozitif, negatif ve nötr duygu içerikli sözcüklerden oluşan Türkçe DRM listelerinin literatüre kazandırılmasıdır. Bu amaçla, her üç duygu koşulundan 10’ar adet DRM listesi geliştirmiştir. Listelerin bellek yanılması oluşturma yüzdeleri tanıma belleği görevi kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Tanıma belleği görevinden elde edilen veriler iki şekilde analiz edilmiştir. İlk olarak katılımcıların isabet ve yanlış alarm oranları analiz edilmiş, katılımcılarda her üç duygu koşulunda genel olarak başarılı bir şekilde bellek yanılması ortaya çıkartılabildiği görülmüştür. Ardından, geliştirilen her bir DRM listesinin etkililiği incelenmiştir. Bulgular, her üç duygu koşulunda geliştirilen DRM listelerinin başarılı bir şekilde bellek yanılması oluşturabildiğini, gözlenen etkilerin uluslararası liste geliştirme çalışmalarıyla uyumlu olduğunu göstermiştir. Negatif listeler ortalama %66, pozitif listeler %65 ve nötr listeler %58 oranında bellek yanılmasına yol açmıştır. Çalışmada geliştiren duygusal DRM listelerinin, başta bilişsel psikoloji olmak üzere psikolojinin farklı alanlarında duygu ve bellek yanılmasını inceleyen araştırmacılara fayda sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995) creates strong false memories of critical words that are actually never studied but are associated to a semantically-related studied word list. the fact that the created memory illusion is quite powerful has led to the frequent use of this paradigm to investigate effects of different variables on this illusion and to develop DRM lists in different languages. the present study aimed to develop Turkish emotional DRM lists including positive, negative and neutral words that are matched on arousal and on several other word characteristics. Ten DRM lists were created in each emotion condition (negative, positive, neutral); each list included ten list words related to one critical lure. Recognition memory test was used to measure the magnitude of false memories. Analyses of participants’ hit and false alarm rates revealed that similar levels of false memories were created in each emotion condition. Levels of false memories for each critical lure were then calculated separately. the data showed that each DRM list was able to produce comparable levels of false recognition when compared to previous studies in the literature. Sixty-six percent of the negative critical lures, 65% of the positive critical lures and 58% of the neutral critical lures were recognized by the participants as old words. We believe that these emotional DRM lists would be useful for researchers working in different areas of psychology who are interested in investigating emotion and false memories in native Turkish-speakers

A multi-lab test of the facial feedback hypothesis by the Many Smiles Collaboration

Following theories of emotional embodiment, the facial feedback hypothesis suggests that individuals’ subjective experiences of emotion are influenced by their facial expressions. However, evidence for this hypothesis has been mixed. We thus formed a global adversarial collaboration and carried out a preregistered, multicentre study designed to specify and test the conditions that should most reliably produce facial feedback effects. Data from n = 3,878 participants spanning 19 countries indicated that a facial mimicry and voluntary facial action task could both amplify and initiate feelings of happiness. However, evidence of facial feedback effects was less conclusive when facial feedback was manipulated unobtrusively via a pen-in-mouth task