The <i>TaWRKY22</i>–<i>TaCOPT3D</i> Pathway Governs Cadmium Uptake in Wheat

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal nonessential for plants; this toxic metal accumulation in crops has significant adverse effects on human health. The crosstalk between copper (Cu) and Cd has been reported; however, the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. The present study investigated the function of wheat Cu transporter 3D (TaCOPT3D) in Cd tolerance. The TaCOPT3D transcripts significantly accumulated in wheat roots under Cd stress. Furthermore, TaCOPT3D-overexpressing lines were compared to wildtype (WT) plants to test the role of TaCOPT3D in Cd stress response. Under 20 mM Cd treatment, TaCOPT3D-overexpressing lines exhibited more biomass and lower root, shoot, and grain Cd accumulation than the WT plants. In addition, overexpression of TaCOPT3D decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increased the active antioxidant enzymes under Cd conditions. Moreover, the transcription factor (TF) TaWRKY22, which targeted the TaCOPT3D promoter, was identified in the regulatory pathway of TaCOPT3D under Cd stress. Taken together, these results show that TaCOPT3D plays an important role in regulating plant adaptation to cadmium stress through bound by TaWRKY22. These findings suggest that TaCOPT3D is a potential candidate for decreasing Cd accumulation in wheat through genetic engineering

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nanoparticulate Y2O3 Modified AlSi10Mg Alloys Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

AlSi10Mg has a good forming ability and has been widely accepted as an optimal material for selective laser melting (SLM). However, the strength and elongation of unmodified AlSi10Mg are insufficient, which limits its application in the space industry. In this paper, yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles modified AlSi10Mg composites that were manufactured using SLM. The effects of Y2O3 nanoparticles (0~2 wt.% addition) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg alloys were investigated. An ultimate tensile strength of 500.3 MPa, a yield strength of 322.3 MPa, an elongation of 9.7%, a good friction coefficient of 0.43, and a wear rate of (3.40 &plusmn; 0.09) &times;10&minus;4 mm3&middot;N&minus;1&middot;m&minus;1 were obtained with the addition of 0.5 wt.% Y2O3 nanoparticles, and all these parameters were higher than those of the SLMed AlSi10Mg alloy. The microhardness of the composite with 1.0 wt.% Y2O3 reached 145.6 HV0.1, which is an increase of approximately 22% compared to the unreinforced AlSi10Mg. The improvement of tensile properties can mainly be attributed to Orowan strengthening, fine grain strengthening, and load-bearing strengthening. The results show that adding an appropriate amount of Y2O3 nanoparticles can significantly improve the properties of the SLMed AlSi10Mg alloy

Experimental Investigation on the Surface Formation Mechanism of NdFeB during Diamond Wire Sawing

Diamond wire sawing is widely used in processing NdFeB rare earth permanent magnets. However, it induces periodic saw marks and fracture chipping pits, which severely affect the flatness and surface quality of the products. In this study, the lateral motion of the diamond wire was monitored to determine the surface formation mechanism. Then, a white light interferometer and an SEM were used to observe the sawed surface profile. Finally, the surface quality was quantitatively studied by identifying the area rate of fracture chipping pits with an image recognition MATLAB script. According to the observation results, the calculation formula of PV which is related to the process parameters was deduced. Additionally, by combining the fracture rate and wire vibration, a novel method was proposed to investigate the optimal process parameters. It can be found that the surface quality sawed at P = 0.21 MPa, vf = 0.2 mm/min, and vs = 1.8 m/s remains better than when sawed at P = 0.15 MPa, vf = 0.1 mm/min, and vs = 1.8 m/s, which means the sawing efficiency can be doubled under such circumstances, i.e., when the surface quality remains the same

Documentation Matters: Human-Centered AI System to Assist Data Science Code Documentation in Computational Notebooks

Computational notebooks allow data scientists to express their ideas through a combination of code and documentation. However, data scientists often pay attention only to the code, and neglect creating or updating their documentation during quick iterations. Inspired by human documentation practices learned from 80 highly-voted Kaggle notebooks, we design and implement Themisto, an automated documentation generation system to explore how human-centered AI systems can support human data scientists in the machine learning code documentation scenario. Themisto facilitates the creation of documentation via three approaches: a deep-learning-based approach to generate documentation for source code, a query-based approach to retrieve online API documentation for source code, and a user prompt approach to nudge users to write documentation. We evaluated Themisto in a within-subjects experiment with 24 data science practitioners, and found that automated documentation generation techniques reduced the time for writing documentation, reminded participants to document code they would have ignored, and improved participants' satisfaction with their computational notebook

Dispersion and Polishing Mechanism of a Novel CeO2-LaOF-Based Chemical Mechanical Polishing Slurry for Quartz Glass

Quartz glass shows superior physicochemical properties and is used in modern high technology. Due to its hard and brittle characteristics, traditional polishing slurry mostly uses strong acid, strong alkali, and potent corrosive additives, which cause environmental pollution. Furthermore, the degree of damage reduces service performance of the parts due to the excessive corrosion. Therefore, a novel quartz glass green and efficient non-damaging chemical mechanical polishing slurry was developed, consisting of cerium oxide (CeO2), Lanthanum oxyfluoride (LaOF), potassium pyrophosphate (K4P2O7), sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate (SNLS), and sodium polyacrylate (PAAS). Among them, LaOF abrasive showed hexahedral morphology, which increased the cutting sites and uniformed the load. The polishing slurry was maintained by two anionic dispersants, namely SNLS and PAAS, to maintain the suspension stability of the slurry, which makes the abrasive in the slurry have a more uniform particle size and a smoother sample surface after polishing. After the orthogonal test, a surface roughness (Sa) of 0.23 nm was obtained in the range of 50 &times; 50 &mu;m2, which was lower than the current industry rating of 0.9 nm, and obtained a material removal rate (MRR) of 530.52 nm/min

Optimized Design of Shed Parameters for Polluted Hollow Porcelain Insulators at High Altitude

The pollution flashover problem of hollow insulators, one of the primary faults in substations, can be improved by optimizing the shed parameters. Combining the artificial pollution test and electric field simulation, this paper studies the optimal shed parameters for 220 kV hollow porcelain insulators at high altitudes. The AC artificial pollution flashover test was conducted by solid-layer and up-and-down methods in the artificial climate chamber to analyze the pollution flashover characteristics of the 220 kV hollow porcelain insulator at various altitudes and pollution degrees. After the validity of the artificial pollution flashover test and the direction of optimization of the shed parameters were clarified, electric field simulation was implemented on a two-dimensional axisymmetric model to analyze the effects of shed spacing and large shed overhang on the electric field distribution of the insulator. Based on the pollution flashover characteristics and the simulation analysis results, we find that appropriately increasing the shed spacing and reducing the large shed overhang can improve the surface electric field distribution of the hollow porcelain insulator, thereby improving its pollution flashover characteristics

Increased CO2 concentrations increasing water use efficiency and improvement PSII function of mulberry seedling leaves under drought stress

In this paper, the effects of different CO2 concentrations (400 and 800 μmol·mol−1) on photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of mulberry (Morus alba L.) seedling leaves under drought stress were studied using an artificial climate chamber. The results showed that under non-drought conditions, the stomatal concentrations (Gs) and transpiratration rate (Tr) of mulberry seedling leaves decreased slightly with increased CO2 concentrations, but the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) increased significantly. Under mild drought stress (5 days of drought), higher CO2 concentrations significantly affected the photosynthetic gas exchange of mulberry seedling leaves, but had little effect on chlorophyll fluorescence. Under severe drought stress (10 das of drought), increased CO2 concentrations not only alleviated drought stress by increasing the WUE of mulberry seedling leaves, but also significantly increased its PSII photochemical activity, which promoted electron transfer on the PSII acceptor side. In conclusion, increased CO2 concentrations could raise the WUE of mulberry seedling leaves under normal water conditions and drought stress, and this effect was more significant under drought stress. Under severe drought stress, increased CO2 concentrations improved the drought resistance of mulberry seedlings by improving their PSII function