920 research outputs found
Comparative Study on the Structures of Chinese and Korean Compound Words
The goal of the research was to compare the compound words in Chinese, an isolated language, and Korean, an agglutinative language. This research used library research. The researchers found that the main characteristics of the formation of Korean compound words were that the latter element was the central word. The method of word formation decided its lexical category. Moreover, most of the internal relationships of the compound words were connection and modification. While in Chinese, the endocentric compound noun decided the part of speech of the compound word, and could be the proceeding element or the latter element. Furthermore, Chinese contained no complicated morphological changes. It is concluded that Korean is a Subject–Object–Verb (SOV) language, where verb elements demonstrate a central feature of the compound verb are always a trailing part. Thus, there is no exocentric compound verb in Korean. By contrast, Chinese is a typical SVO language. When constituting the compound verbs, nouns or adjectives can function as the structural elements. Therefore, there is no permanent position for head words
Empirical risk minimization for metric learning using privileged information
Traditional metric learning methods usually make decisions based on a fixed threshold, which may result in a suboptimal metric when the inter-class and inner-class variations are complex. To address this issue, in this paper we propose an effective metric learning method by exploiting privileged information to relax the fixed threshold under the empirical risk minimization framework. Privileged information describes useful high-level semantic information that is only available during training. Our goal is to improve the performance by incorporating privileged information to design a locally adaptive decision function. We jointly learn two distance metrics by minimizing the empirical loss penalizing the difference between the distance in the original space and that in the privileged space. The distance in the privileged space functions as a locally adaptive decision threshold, which can guide the decision making like a teacher. We optimize the objective function using the Accelerated Proximal Gradient approach to obtain a global optimum solution. Experiment results show that by leveraging privileged information, our proposed method can achieve satisfactory performance
Effects of recombinant human collagen VI from Escherichia coli on UVA-irradiated human skin fibroblasts cells
In this study, we reported the cloning and over expression of a gene coding for human collagen peptide (CP6) in Escherichia coli and investigated the protective effects of CP6 on UVA-irradiated human skin fibroblasts cells. The collagen peptide (CP6) was highly soluble and the expression level was approximately 10% of the total bacteria proteins. Also, we performed assays with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidine iodide (Annexin V-FITC/PI) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) methods to investigate the cytoprotective effects of CP6 on the proliferation of UVA-damaged human skin fibroblasts cells. Radiation dosages (5 J/cm2) significantly decreased the proliferation activities of human skin fibroblasts cells (HSF). Compared with UVA irradiated group, in the given concentration, CP6 could improve the activities of cell’s proliferation (P<0.05) and decrease the apoptosis rate of cell significantly (P<0.01). UVA could damage the human skin fibroblasts cell in vitro. The CP6 had protective effects on HSF irradiated by UVA, and the mechanism of this effect might be associated with its anti-oxidative effect and enhancing cell’s proliferation.Key words: Protein expression, Collagen peptide, Human skin fibroblasts cells, UVA
Structural, electronic, magnetic properties of Cu-doped lead-apatite PbCu(PO)O
The recent report of superconductivity in the Cu-doped PbPO compound
stimulates the extensive researches on its physical properties. Herein, the
detailed atomic and electronic structures of this compound are investigated,
which are the necessary information to explain the physical properties,
including possible superconductivity. By the first-principles electronic
structure calculations, we find that the partial replacement of Pb at site
by Cu atom, instead of Pb at site, plays a crucial role in dominating the
electronic state at Fermi energy. The electronic orbitals of Cu atom
emerge near the Fermi energy and exhibit strong spin-polarization, resulting in
the local moment around the doped Cu atom. Particularly, the ground state of
PbCu(PO)O (x = 1) is determined to be a semiconducting
phase, in good agreement with the experimental measurements
Novel Non-Toxic Xylene Substitute (SBO) for Histology
Xylene has been generally used as a clearing and deparaffinizing agent in histology. Because of the potential toxic and flammable nature of xylene, its substitutes have been introduced into some laboratories. In this study, we introduced a novel, non-toxic xylene substitute (SBO), which was generated through a mixture of 86% of white oil No.2 and 14% of N-heptane. SBO had a high boiling point (188°C) and flash point (144°C) coupled with a scentless and decreased volatility. To compare the effectiveness of SBO and xylene in histology, a wide range of tissue samples from rats and human beings were processed in parallel in SBO and xylene, subjected to various staining procedures. Similar to the xylene-processed paraffin blocks, the SBO-processed counterparts were easy to section without any evidence of cell shrinkage. Assessment of the SBO-treated sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin revealed a good maintenance of cell morphology and structure, and a clear definition of the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Moreover, comparable good results were achieved between the SBO- and xylene-processed tissues in other histochemical and immunohistochemical stainings. Six-month clinical applications at one department of pathology supported the potentials of SBO as a xylene substitute. In conclusion, we suggest that SBO is a safe and efficient substitute of xylene and may probably replace xylene without losing valuable diagnostic information.Key words: SBO, clearing agent, xylene, histology, toxicit
Six-Quark Amplitudes from Fermionic MHV Vertices
The fermionic extension of the CSW approach to perturbative gauge theory
coupled with fermions is used to compute the six-quark QCD amplitudes. We find
complete agreement with the results obtained by using the usual Feynman rules.Comment: Latex file, 16 pages, 4 figure
Temporal properties of self-prioritization
Using electroencephalogram (EEG), we tested the hypothesis that the association of a neutral stimulus with the self would elicit ultra-fast neural responses from early top-down feedback modulation to late feedforward periods for cognitive processing, resulting in self- prioritization in information processing. In two experiments, participants first learned three associations between personal labels (self, friend, stranger) and geometric shapes (Experiment 1) and three colors (Experiment 2), and then they judged whether the shape/color–label pairings matched. Stimuli in Experiment 2 were shown in a social communicative setting with two avatars facing each other, one aligned with the participant’s view (first-person perspective) and the other with a third-person perspective. The color was present on the t-shirt of one avatar. This setup allowed for an examination of how social contexts (i.e., perspective taking) affect neural connectivity mediating self-related
processing. Functional connectivity analyses in the alpha band (8–12 Hz) revealed that self–other discrimination was mediated by two distinct phases of neural couplings between frontal and occipital
regions, involving an early phase of top-down feedback modulation from frontal to occipital areas followed by a later phase of feedforward signaling from occipital to frontal regions. Moreover, while social communicative settings influenced the later feedforward connectivity phase, they did not alter the early feedback coupling. The results indicate that regardless of stimulus type and social context, the early phase of neural connectivity represents an enhanced state of awareness towards self-related stimuli, whereas the later phase of neural connectivity may be associated with cognitive processing of socially meaningful stimuli
GPU-based Iterative Cone Beam CT Reconstruction Using Tight Frame Regularization
X-ray imaging dose from serial cone-beam CT (CBCT) scans raises a clinical
concern in most image guided radiation therapy procedures. It is the goal of
this paper to develop a fast GPU-based algorithm to reconstruct high quality
CBCT images from undersampled and noisy projection data so as to lower the
imaging dose. For this purpose, we have developed an iterative tight frame (TF)
based CBCT reconstruction algorithm. A condition that a real CBCT image has a
sparse representation under a TF basis is imposed in the iteration process as
regularization to the solution. To speed up the computation, a multi-grid
method is employed. Our GPU implementation has achieved high computational
efficiency and a CBCT image of resolution 512\times512\times70 can be
reconstructed in ~5 min. We have tested our algorithm on a digital NCAT phantom
and a physical Catphan phantom. It is found that our TF-based algorithm is able
to reconstrct CBCT in the context of undersampling and low mAs levels. We have
also quantitatively analyzed the reconstructed CBCT image quality in terms of
modulation-transfer-function and contrast-to-noise ratio under various scanning
conditions. The results confirm the high CBCT image quality obtained from our
TF algorithm. Moreover, our algorithm has also been validated in a real
clinical context using a head-and-neck patient case. Comparisons of the
developed TF algorithm and the current state-of-the-art TV algorithm have also
been made in various cases studied in terms of reconstructed image quality and
computation efficiency.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, accepted by Phys. Med. Bio
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