Cardiac-derived CTRP9 protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via calreticulin-dependent inhibition of apoptosis.

Cardiokines play an essential role in maintaining normal cardiac functions and responding to acute myocardial injury. Studies have demonstrated the heart itself is a significant source of C1q/TNF-related protein 9 (CTRP9). However, the biological role of cardiac-derived CTRP9 remains unclear. We hypothesize cardiac-derived CTRP9 responds to acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury as a cardiokine. We explored the role of cardiac-derived CTRP9 in MI/R injury via genetic manipulation and a CTRP9-knockout (CTRP9-KO) animal model. Inhibition of cardiac CTRP9 exacerbated, whereas its overexpression ameliorated, left ventricular dysfunction and myocardial apoptosis. Endothelial CTRP9 expression was unchanged while cardiomyocyte CTRP9 levels decreased after simulated ischemia/`reperfusion (SI/R) in vitro. Cardiomyocyte CTRP9 overexpression inhibited SI/R-induced apoptosis, an effect abrogated by CTRP9 antibody. Mechanistically, cardiac-derived CTRP9 activated anti-apoptotic signaling pathways and inhibited endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related apoptosis in MI/R injury. Notably, CTRP9 interacted with the ER molecular chaperone calreticulin (CRT) located on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes. The CTRP9-CRT interaction activated the protein kinase A-cAMP response element binding protein (PKA-CREB) signaling pathway, blocked by functional neutralization of the autocrine CTRP9. Inhibition of either CRT or PKA blunted cardiac-derived CTRP9\u27s anti-apoptotic actions against MI/R injury. We further confirmed these findings in CTRP9-KO rats. Together, these results demonstrate that autocrine CTRP9 of cardiomyocyte origin protects against MI/R injury via CRT association, activation of the PKA-CREB pathway, ultimately inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis

Transcatheter Versus Surgical Closure of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects in Children A Randomized Controlled Trial

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the surgical versus transcatheter approach to correct perimembranous ventricular septal defects (pmVSDs) in a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.BackgroundpmVSD is a common congenital heart disease in children. Surgical closure of pmVSD is a well-established therapy but requires open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Although the transcatheter approach is associated with significant incidence of complete atrioventricular block, it may provide a less invasive alternative. Critical comparison of the safety and efficacy of the 2 interventions necessitates a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.MethodsBetween January 2009 and July 2010, 229 children with pmVSD were randomly assigned to surgical or transcatheter intervention. Clinical, laboratory, procedural, and follow-up data over a 2-year period were compared.ResultsNeither group had mortality or major complications. However, statistical analysis of the 2 groups demonstrated significant differences (p < 0.001) in minor adverse events (32 vs. 7), quantity of blood transfused, duration of the procedure, median hospital stay, median intensive care unit stay, median hospitalization cost, and median blood loss. During a median follow-up of 2 years, the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension of both groups returned to normal and there was no difference in closure rate, adverse events, and complications between groups.ConclusionsTranscatheter device closure and surgical repair are effective interventions with excellent midterm results for treating pmVSD in children. Transcatheter device closure has a lower incidence of myocardial injury, less blood transfused, faster recovery, shorter hospital stay, and lower medical expenses. (Transcatheter Closure Versus Surgery of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects; NCT00890799

Designing Artificial Two-Dimensional Landscapes via Room-Temperature Atomic-Layer Substitution

Manipulating materials with atomic-scale precision is essential for the development of next-generation material design toolbox. Tremendous efforts have been made to advance the compositional, structural, and spatial accuracy of material deposition and patterning. The family of 2D materials provides an ideal platform to realize atomic-level material architectures. The wide and rich physics of these materials have led to fabrication of heterostructures, superlattices, and twisted structures with breakthrough discoveries and applications. Here, we report a novel atomic-scale material design tool that selectively breaks and forms chemical bonds of 2D materials at room temperature, called atomic-layer substitution (ALS), through which we can substitute the top layer chalcogen atoms within the 3-atom-thick transition-metal dichalcogenides using arbitrary patterns. Flipping the layer via transfer allows us to perform the same procedure on the other side, yielding programmable in-plane multi-heterostructures with different out-of-plane crystal symmetry and electric polarization. First-principle calculations elucidate how the ALS process is overall exothermic in energy and only has a small reaction barrier, facilitating the reaction to occur at room temperature. Optical characterizations confirm the fidelity of this design approach, while TEM shows the direct evidence of Janus structure and suggests the atomic transition at the interface of designed heterostructure. Finally, transport and Kelvin probe measurements on MoXY (X,Y=S,Se; X and Y corresponding to the bottom and top layers) lateral multi-heterostructures reveal the surface potential and dipole orientation of each region, and the barrier height between them. Our approach for designing artificial 2D landscape down to a single layer of atoms can lead to unique electronic, photonic and mechanical properties previously not found in nature

Hybrid Intrusion Detection System for Complicated Network

The current network is complicated due to the highthroughput and the multiformity of actions. A hybrid intrusion detection system (HIDSFCN) is proposed in this study to satisfy the current network. It combines the advantages of all kinds of IDS and put forwards our own solvents to those key problems in current research. Experiment results demonstrate that our HIDSFCN is of high performance and good practicability

Dynamic spatiotemporal correlation coefficient based on adaptive weight

Abstract Risk management is an important aspect of financial research because correlations among financial data are essential in evaluating portfolio risk. Among various correlations, spatiotemporal correlations involve economic entity attributes and are interrelated in space and time. Such correlations have therefore drawn increasing attention in financial risk management. However, classical correlation measurements are typically based on either time series correlations or spatial dependence; they cannot be directly applied to financial data with spatiotemporal correlations. The spatiotemporal correlation coefficient model with adaptive weight proposed in this paper can (1) address the absolute quantity, dynamic quantity, and dynamic development of financial data and (2) be used for risk grading, financial risk evaluation, and portfolio management. To verify the validity and superiority of this model, cluster analysis results and portfolio performance are compared with a classical model with time series correlation or spatial correlation, respectively. Empirical findings show that the proposed coefficient is highly effective and convenient compared to others. Overall, our method provides a highly efficient financial risk management method with valuable implications for investors and financial institutions

Theoretical Study on the Dynamic Behavior of a Plate-Like Micro-Cantilever with Multiple Particles Attached.

In this study, the dynamic characteristics of a plate-like micro-cantilever beam attached with multiple concentrated masses are studied. The vibration modes of the cantilever plate are represented by combinations of beam functions. Using classical mechanics (the effect of size is not considered) and the corrected Cosserat's theorem (the effect of size is considered), we employ the Lagrange equations to establish a dynamic model of the plate-like micro-cantilever beam attached with multiple concentrated masses. The accuracy of the model proposed in this paper is verified by comparing with the results of published literature. Then, the natural frequencies of the cantilever plates are calculated with self-compiled algorithms, and the results of the plates with 1-5 masses are displayed. The results are in high accordance with the exact solution, and all errors are within 0.5%. The analysis shows that the proposed model and analysis method converges quickly and is highly efficient. In addition, the effects of characteristic lengths, Poisson's ratios and plate thickness on the micro-cantilever plate's resonant frequency for the first five modes are analyzed

Research on high performance combustible gas concentration sensor based on pyramid beam splitter matrix.

Combustible gas concentration detection faces challenges of increasing accuracy, and sensitivity, as well as high reliability in harsh using environments. The special design of the optical path structure of the sensitive element provides an opportunity to improve combustible gas concentration detection. In this study, the optical path structure of the sensitive element was newly designed based on the Pyramidal beam splitter matrix. The infrared light source was modulated by multi-frequency point signal superimposed modulation technology. At the same time, concentration detection results and confidence levels were calculated using the 4-channel combustible gas concentration detection algorithm based on spectral refinement. Through experiment, it is found that the sensor enables full-range measurement of CH4, at the lower explosive limit (LEL, CH4 LEL of 5%), the reliability level is 0.01 parts-per-million (PPM), and the sensor sensitivity is up to 0.5PPM. The sensor is still capable of achieving PPM-level detections, under extreme conditions in which the sensor's optical window is covered by 2/3, and humidity is 85% or dust concentration is 100mg/m3. Those improve the sensitivity, robustness, reliability, and accuracy of the sensor

Effective Boundary Slip Induced by Surface Roughness and Their Coupled Effect on Convective Heat Transfer of Liquid Flow

As a significant interfacial property for micro/nano fluidic system, the effective boundary slip can be induced by the surface roughness. However, the effect of surface roughness on the effective slip is still not clear, both increased and decreased effective boundary slip were found with increased roughness. The present work develops a simplified model to study the effect of surface roughness on the effective boundary slip. In the created rough models, the reference position of the rough surfaces to determinate effective boundary slip was set based on ISO/ASME standard and the surface roughness parameters including Ra (arithmetical mean deviation of the assessed profile), Rsm (mean width of the assessed profile elements) and shape of the texture varied to form different surface roughness. Then, the effective boundary slip of fluid flow through the rough surface was analyzed by using COMSOL 5.3. The results show that the effective boundary slip induced by surface roughness of fully wetted rough surface keeps negative and further decreases with increasing Ra or decreasing Rsm. Different shape of roughness texture also results in different effective slip. A simplified corrected method for the measured effective boundary slip was developed and proved to be efficient when the Rsm is no larger than 200 nm. Another important finding in the present work is that the convective heat transfer firstly increases followed by an unobvious change with increasing Ra, while the effective boundary slip keeps decreasing. It is believed that the increasing Ra enlarges the area of solid-liquid interface for convective heat transfer, however, when Ra is large enough, the decreasing roughness-induced effective boundary slip counteracts the enhancement effect of roughness itself on the convective heat transfer

Theoretical Study on the Dynamic Behavior of a Plate-Like Micro-Cantilever with Multiple Particles Attached.

In this study, the dynamic characteristics of a plate-like micro-cantilever beam attached with multiple concentrated masses are studied. The vibration modes of the cantilever plate are represented by combinations of beam functions. Using classical mechanics (the effect of size is not considered) and the corrected Cosserat's theorem (the effect of size is considered), we employ the Lagrange equations to establish a dynamic model of the plate-like micro-cantilever beam attached with multiple concentrated masses. The accuracy of the model proposed in this paper is verified by comparing with the results of published literature. Then, the natural frequencies of the cantilever plates are calculated with self-compiled algorithms, and the results of the plates with 1-5 masses are displayed. The results are in high accordance with the exact solution, and all errors are within 0.5%. The analysis shows that the proposed model and analysis method converges quickly and is highly efficient. In addition, the effects of characteristic lengths, Poisson's ratios and plate thickness on the micro-cantilever plate's resonant frequency for the first five modes are analyzed