Effects of Oat Hay Content in Diets on Nutrient Metabolism and the Rumen Microflora in Sheep

Oats have the characteristics of drought tolerance, cold resistance, strong adaptability, high forage yield, and high nutritional value. However, there are few reports on the most appropriate amount of oat hay in ruminant diets, the digestion and metabolism of ruminants, and the rumen microflora. To study the effects of oat hay content in diets on nutrient digestion and metabolism and the rumen microflora in sheep, 9 German Merino and Mongolian crossbred rams of similar body condition and weight with permanent fistulas were selected. The 3 × 3 Latin square design was used to randomly divide the rams into 3 groups, with 3 animals in each group. The three groups were fed different kinds of roughage: whole-plant corn silage only (corn silage group, CSG), oat hay mixed with whole-plant corn silage (1:1) (mixed group, MG), and oat hay only (oat hay group, OHG). The nutrient digestion and metabolism of each group were measured, and the pH and rumen microflora were examined after feeding for different durations. Dynamic changes in microbial communities were detected. The nutrient digestion and metabolism results showed that, with an increase in the content of oat hay in the diet, the intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) showed an increasing trend, and the intake, digestion, and stability of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) increased in the OHG. The apparent digestibility, dietary nitrogen, deposited nitrogen, and nitrogen retention rate in this group were significantly higher than those in the CSG (p < 0.05). The rumen pH and sequencing results showed that the rumen fluid pH of the CSG was significantly lower than that of the OHG at 1 and 5 h (p < 0.05). The main microbial in the rumen of the three groups of sheep were Bacteroides, Sclerotium, and Proteus. The dominant taxon in the CSG was Prevotella, followed by Vibrio syringae, and the dominant taxon in the MG and OHG was Prevotella, followed by Rikenellaceae. Redundancy analysis showed that ADF and NDF in the feed had an effect on the abundance of Fibrobacteres, Ruminococcaceae, and Prevotella. Our findings indicate that the use of oat hay roughage in the diet significantly improves the apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF and helps maintain the stable state of the sheep’s rumen internal environment and the growth of rumen microorganisms

Research on Knowledge Gap Identification Method in Innovative Organizations under the “Internet+” Environment

Under the “Internet+” environment, the R&D intensity of products and services has increased; hence, organizations need to improve their ability to integrate knowledge and technology resources. Knowledge gaps will arise when an organization’s knowledge reserves fail to meet the needs of innovation activities. This research established a network of complete knowledge topics under the “Internet+” environment based on the Word2Vec model. The word vectors and word frequencies of organizational reserve knowledge texts were analyzed to establish an organizational reserve knowledge topic network. The Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency algorithm was used to identify the demanded knowledge topic. The satisfaction capability of demanded knowledge in the reserve knowledge topic network was calculated via the eigenvector centrality and the fuzzy evaluation method. The corresponding strategies were then put forward to make up the knowledge gap. Finally, a case study was conducted and compared with SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) and Venn diagram analysis on the economic and management college of a university in Beijing to verify the effectiveness of this method

Solvent Extraction of Sc(III) by D2EHPA/TBP from the Leaching Solution of Vanadium Slag

The solvent extraction of scandium by the mixture of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (D2EHPA) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) has been investigated in the acidic leaching solution of vanadium slag. Thermodynamic analysis of the species distribution diagrams on the Sc-S-H2O system showed that scandium mainly exists as Sc3+ and Sc(SO4)+, and sulfur mainly exists as HSO4− in the actual leaching solution of vanadium slag (pH = −0.75). The extraction process was studied to optimize various parameters such as the extractant concentration, dosage of TBP, phase ratio, and stirring speed. The results indicated that 83.64% of scandium and less than 2% of co-extracted elements were extracted under optimal conditions. Then, over 95% of the co-extracted elements and less than 1.1% of scandium were scrubbed from the loaded organic phase by 4.0 mol/L of HCl. Finally, 87.20% of scandium was stripped with 2 mol/L of NaOH and 1 mol/L of NaCl at a stripping O/A of 1:1

Diagnosis of inverter switch open circuit faults based on neutral point voltage signal analysis

Using the current signal to diagnose inverter faults information is apt to be affected by the load, noise and other factors; besides, it requires long diagnosis period with special algorithms and the diagnosis result is easily to be incorrect with no-load or light-load. Focusing on this issue, the logical analysis method is proposed for correlation logical analysis of leg neutral-point voltage and pulse signal to realize the diagnosis of the open circuit faults of inverter switches. The logical expressions of output signals of inverter power tube open-circuit faults is put forward and interrelated hardware circuit design is also elaborated. Delaying the rising edge of inverter power tube's pulse signal can effectively avoid the diagnosis error caused by the power tube's switching on/off. The experiment results show that the method can effectively diagnose the open-circuit faults of single-phase single power tube inverter in real-time and the hardware circuit cost is low, which shows it is effective and feasible

Preparation of Doped Iron Phosphate by Selective Precipitation of Iron from Titanium Dioxide Waste Acid

In view of the current situation where the acid resources and valuable components in titanium dioxide waste acid cannot be effectively extracted and are prone to secondary pollution, the research team proposed a new technology of step extraction and comprehensive utilization of titanium dioxide waste acid. In this paper, the preparation of doped iron phosphate from waste acid by selective precipitation was studied. The thermodynamics of selective precipitation, the effect of the reaction temperature, the initial pH value, the molar ratio of P/Fe, and the dispersant on the precipitation process were investigated in detail. The thermodynamics results show that iron(II) in titanium dioxide waste acid is oxidized and is preferentially precipitated with phosphoric acid to form iron(III) phosphate, when compared with other impurity ions. The experimental results show that the optimal precipitation condition is a temperature of 60 °C, an initial pH value of 2.5, an optimal P/Fe molar ratio of 1.1, and a dispersant polyethylene glycol at 5 mL (Per 50 mL of waster acid). After calcination, the precipitate mainly consists of iron phosphate and a small amount of aluminum phosphate. Meanwhile, the utilization ratios of iron and phosphorus were 98.81% and 98.39%, respectively. Moreover, the mass percentage of Fe2O3 and P2O5 and the molar ratio of Fe/P were 99.13% and 1.03, which basically met the requirements of the iron phosphate precursor

Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on the Phosphate Adsorption Removal by Dolomite Mineral

The efficiency of dolomite to remove phosphate from aqueous solutions was investigated. The experimental results showed that the removal of phosphate by dolomite was rapid (the removal rate over 95% in 60 min) when the initial phosphate concentration is at the range of 10–50 mg/L. Several kinetic models including intraparticle diffusion model, pseudo-first-order model, Elovich model, and pseudo-second-order model were employed to evaluate the kinetics data of phosphate adsorption onto dolomite and pseudo-second-order model was recommended to describe the adsorption kinetics characteristics. Further analysis of the adsorption kinetics indicated that the phosphate removal process was mainly controlled by chemical bonding or chemisorption. Moreover, both Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were used to evaluate the experimental data. The results indicated that Langmuir isotherm was more suitable to describe the adsorption characteristics of dolomite. Maximum adsorption capacity of phosphate by dolomite was found to be 4.76 mg phosphorous/g dolomite. Thermodynamic studies showed that phosphate adsorption was exothermic. The study implies that dolomite is an excellent low cost material for phosphate removal in wastewater treatment process

Research on a Rainfall Prediction Model in Guizhou Based on Raindrop Spectra

Our study and analysis of the distribution differences in raindrop spectra in a Guizhou precipitation prediction model were of great significance for understanding precipitation microphysical processes and improving radar quantitative precipitation prediction. This article selected the Dafang, Majiang, and Luodian stations at different altitudes in Guizhou and analyzed the distribution characteristics of precipitation particles at different altitudes. This article used precipitation data from the new-generation Doppler weather radar, OTT-Parsivel laser raindrop spectrometer, and automatic meteorological observation stations in Guiyang via M-P and GAMMA and established methods to fit the particle size of raindrop spectrum precipitation. Based on the LSTM neural network method, we constructed a precipitation prediction model for Guizhou and conducted performance testing. The results show that (1) the precipitation particles at the three stations are all concentrated in small particle size areas, with a peak value of 0.312 mm and a final falling velocity of 1–5 m/s, and the particle size increases with a decreasing altitude. The contribution rate to the density of particles with a precipitation particle size of less than 1 mm exceeds 80% and decreases with a decreasing altitude. The average volume diameter of precipitation particles has the highest correlation with the precipitation intensity. (2) In the fitting of the raindrop spectrum distribution, the GAMMA distribution fitted by the three stations has a better effect and the fitting effect gradually improves with an increasing altitude. (3) In precipitation prediction for convective clouds and stratiform clouds, the 60 min prediction results are the most consistent with the actual precipitation, with correlation coefficients of 0.9287 and 0.9257, respectively, indicating that the prediction has high reliability

Transcriptomics analysis reveals the effect of Broussonetia papyrifera L. fermented feed on meat quality traits in fattening lamb

To date, utilization of feed grains is increasing, which competes for human food. It is imperative to develop and utilize unconventional feed materials. Broussonetia papyrifera L. (B. papyrifera) is a good feeding material with high crude protein, crude fat, and low crude fiber, which is widely distributed in China. In this study, 12 Dorper ♂×Hu ♀  crossbred weaned male lambs were seleted into four groups based on the feed that ratio of the B. papyrifera fermented feed in the total mixed diet (0%, 6%, 18%, and 100%), to character the lambs’ longissimus dorsi (LD) fatty acids, morphology and transcriptome. Results showed that the muscle fiber’s diameter and area were the smallest in the 100% group. The highest content of beneficial fatty acids and the lowest content of harmful fatty acids in group 18%. RNA-seq identified 443 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the LD of lambs from 4 groups. Among these genes, 169 (38.1%) were up-regulated and 274 (61.9%) were down-regulated. The DEGs were mostly enriched in in fatty acid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathways. Our results provide knowledge to understand effect of different ratios of B. papyrifera fermented feed on sheep meat quality traits, also a basis for understanding of the molecular regulation mechanism of B. papyrifera fermented feed affecting on sheep meat quality