2 research outputs found
Extracellular vesicles from alveolar macrophages harboring phagocytosed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus induce necroptosis
Summary: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, a major cause of hospital- and community-acquired pneumonia, still has a high mortality rate. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as crucial mediators of intercellular communication, have a significant impact on infectious diseases. However, the role of EVs from alveolar macrophages (AMs) in MRSA pneumonia remains unclear. We report that AMs phagocytose MRSA and release more EVs in mice with MRSA pneumonia. EVs from AMs harboring phagocytosed MRSA exhibit significant proinflammatory effects and induce necroptosis by delivering tumor necrosis factor Ī± (TNF-Ī±) and miR-146a-5p. Mechanically, the upregulated miR-146a-5p in these EVs enhances the phosphorylation of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL by targeting TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), thereby promoting TNF-Ī±-induced necroptosis. The combination of a TNF-Ī± antagonist and an miR-146a-5p antagomir effectively improves the outcomes of mice with MRSA pneumonia. Overall, we reveal the pronecrotic effect of EVs from MRSA-infected AMs and provide a promising target for the prevention and treatment of MRSA pneumonia
Extracellular vesicles derived from M2ālike macrophages alleviate acute lung injury in a miRā709āmediated manner
Abstract Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is characterised by an uncontrolled inflammatory response, and current treatment strategies have limited efficacy. Although the protective effect of M2ālike macrophages (M2Ļ) and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been wellādocumented in other inflammatory diseases, the role of M2Ļāderived EVs (M2ĻāEVs) in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS remains poorly understood. The present study utilised a mouse model of lipopolysaccharideāinduced ALI to first demonstrate a decrease in endogenous M2ālike alveolar macrophageāderived EVs. And then, intratracheal instillation of exogenous M2ĻāEVs from the mouse alveolar macrophage cell line (MHāS) primarily led to a take up by alveolar macrophages, resulting in reduced lung inflammation and injury. Mechanistically, the M2ĻāEVs effectively suppressed the pyroptosis of alveolar macrophages and inhibited the release of excessive cytokines such as ILā6, TNFāĪ± and ILā1Ī² both in vivo and in vitro, which were closely related to NFāĪŗB/NLRP3 signalling pathway inhibition. Of note, the protective effect of M2ĻāEVs was partly mediated by miRā709, as evidenced by the inhibition of miRā709 expression in M2ĻāEVs mitigated their protective effect against lipopolysaccharideāinduced ALI in mice. In addition, we found that the expression of miRā709 in EVs derived from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was correlated negatively with disease severity in ARDS patients, indicating its potential as a marker for ARDS severity. Altogether, our study revealed that M2ĻāEVs played a protective role in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS, partly mediated by miRā709, offering a potential strategy for assessing disease severity and treating ALI/ARDS