Research and Experiment on the Removal Mechanism of Light Impurities of the Residual Mulch Film Recovery Machine

Aiming at the problem of high impurity rate in the recycled residual film, combined with the existing installation (4JMLE-210 agricultural residual film recycling machine), the removal mechanism of light impurities on the film surface was analyzed. The statics and kinematics analysis of light impurity particles in different spatial positions were carried out to determine the conditions for the movement of impurity particles. By analyzing critical conditions, such as ideal collision and throwing capacity, the structural dimensions of the straight pipe section and its outlet section were determined. Using Origin 2018 software, the movement track of the impurity particles left from the upper and lower limit positions and the ideal curve of the throwing arc were plotted, and the trapezoidal section was determined at the outlet of the throwing arc section. Finally, trial-produce prototype, and a field test was carried out on the performance of the machine by selecting the impurity rate in the recovered residual film as the test index. The results showed that when the forward speed of the machine and the rotating speed of the cutter roll were in the range of 5.4–5.8 km/h and 1440–1460 r·min−1, the light impurity rate and working efficiency could keep a good balance. The light impurity rate in the recovered residual film was between 10.9% and 31.4%, and the average light impurity rate was around 18.7%, which met the design and application requirements

Simulation Research on Cotton Stalk Cutting and Crushing Based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA and Field Experiments

In order to solve the problem of high straw content in recovered residual film and the low rate of qualified straw crushing in combination with a front-mounted cotton-straw-crushing device, the cutting and crushing mechanisms of cotton stalks were studied based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The height h and dip angle α of the fixed blade were determined to be 30 mm and 75° through a finite element analysis. On the basis of the device design, explicit dynamic models of the cutting and crushing of a single cotton stalk were established based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The results of the dynamic analysis revealed the cutting mechanism of the cotton stalk, and the influences of the cutting edge angle γ and front baffle height h1 on cotton stalk cutting were studied by using single-factor simulation tests. An edge angle of γ = 45° and a height of h1 = 265 mm were determined. Meanwhile, the mechanism of cotton straw crushing was revealed, and the motion states of the straw were studied at different times. The results of the simulation experiments on the influence of the cutter shaft’s rotational speed showed that with an increase in the cutter shaft’s speed, the rate of qualified crushing and the removal rate were both increased. At the design speed of n = 1800 RPM, the rate of qualified crushing was 84.6%, and the removal rate was 95.1%. Then, field experiments were carried out. The test results were as follows: the stubble height was 8.0 cm, the rate of qualified straw crushing was 91.8%, the clearance rate of film-surface impurities was 92.3%, and the film content was 3.6%, which met the working quality requirements (not less than 85%) of NYT 500-2015: “Operating quality for straw-smashing machines”

Review of Material Parameter Calibration Method

The discrete element method and simulation analysis of the interaction between granular materials and implements provide a convenient and effective method for the optimal design of farming machinery. However, the parameter differences between different materials make discrete element simulation impossible to carry out directly. It is necessary to obtain the specific material parameters and contact parameters through parameter calibration of the simulation object, so as to make the simulation results more reliable. Parameter calibration mainly includes intrinsic parameter measurement, contact model selection, contact parameter selection, and parameter calibration. The test methods of the calibration test include the Plackett–Burman test and other methods of screening parameters with significant influence, and then selecting the optimal parameters through the climbing test, response surface analysis method, etc., and finally carrying out the regression analysis. This paper will describe the existing parameter measurement methods and parameter calibration methods and provide a reference for the scholars who study parameter calibration to carry out parameter calibration

Experiment and optimal design of a collection device for a residual plastic film baler

It is imperative to carry out research on residual plastic film collection technology to solve the serious problem of farmland pollution. The residual plastic film baler was designed as a package for film strip collection, cleaning and baling. The collection device is a core component of the baler. Response surface analysis was used in this study to optimize the structure and working parameters for improving the collection efficiency of residual film and the impurity of film package. The results show that the factors affecting the collection rate of residual film and the impurity of the film package are the speed ratio (k) between the trash removal roller and eccentric collection mechanism, the number (z) and the mounting angle (θ) of spring teeth in the same revolution plane. For the collection rate, the importance of the three factors are in the order, k>z>θ. Meanwhile, for the impurity, the importance of three factors are in the order, z>k>θ. When the speed ratio, the mounting angle and the number of spring teeth was set at 1.6º, 45º, and 8º, respectively, the collection rate of residual film was 88.9% and the impurity of residual film package was 14.2% for the baler

Synthesis of copper nanorods using electrochemical methods

Copper nanorods were synthesized using controlled-current electrochemical methods. The surfactants in the electrolyte served as both a templates and stabilizers during the synthesis procedure. TEM images show that the products consist mainly of nanosized rod-like structures. The current density applied during the electrodeposition was found to have an effect on the shape and yield of the copper nanorods

Processing Method of Gearbox with Non-Circular Gear Train and Its Application in Rice Potted Seedling Transplanting Mechanism

A non-circular gear train has the advantages of compact structure, easy to achieve dynamic balance, and is often used to drive an end-effector to achieve complex trajectory and attitude. The gearbox is the key component of non-circular gear train, which has complex structure, and requires high precision of each wheel shaft hole and its relative position. Conventional methods often use numerical control process tools to process the gearbox with non-circular gear train. The processing cost is too high, and there are some problems, such as shaft hole deflection and it can be difficult to ensure the phase position. This research has proposed a processing method of the gearbox with non-circular gear train and developed the corresponding combination tool. Taking the gearbox of a rice potted seedling transplanting mechanism as an example, a special cutting tool with five boring tools was designed which can process five holes at one clamping, and greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of gearbox processing. The processed gearbox and other parts were assembled into a rice potted seedling transplanting mechanism and assembled into a rice potted seedling transplanting process to conduct a seedling transplanting performance experiment. The results show that the processing of the gearbox with non-circular gear train satisfies the requirement of processing accuracy, and the transplanting mechanism can accurately complete seedling picking, transporting, planting, and other series of actions. The processing method is suitable for the large-scale manufacturing of transplanting mechanism. In this research, aiming at the double arm transplanting mechanism of high-speed rice potted seedling transplanting, the gearbox was analyzed, and a processing method of the gearbox was proposed

Review of Material Parameter Calibration Method

The discrete element method and simulation analysis of the interaction between granular materials and implements provide a convenient and effective method for the optimal design of farming machinery. However, the parameter differences between different materials make discrete element simulation impossible to carry out directly. It is necessary to obtain the specific material parameters and contact parameters through parameter calibration of the simulation object, so as to make the simulation results more reliable. Parameter calibration mainly includes intrinsic parameter measurement, contact model selection, contact parameter selection, and parameter calibration. The test methods of the calibration test include the Plackett–Burman test and other methods of screening parameters with significant influence, and then selecting the optimal parameters through the climbing test, response surface analysis method, etc., and finally carrying out the regression analysis. This paper will describe the existing parameter measurement methods and parameter calibration methods and provide a reference for the scholars who study parameter calibration to carry out parameter calibration

Application of in situ digital holography to the study of the effect of a magnetic field on the anodic dissolution of iron in thichloroacetic acid

The effect of a magnetic field on the anodic dissolution of iron in 1.0 mol dm-3 trichloroacetic acid solution was studied by the potentiodynamic polarization method and in situ digital holography. It was found that the magnetohydrodynamic force increased the mass transport, which resulted in a faster anodic dissolution of iron. The effect of the magnetic field was analyzed by holograms and is discussed in terms of the magnetohydrodynamic force