Economic Reform, Education Expansion, and Earnings Inequality for Urban Males in China, 1988-2007

In the past 20 years the average real earnings of Chinese urban male workers have increased by 350 per cent. Accompanying this unprecedented growth is a considerable increase in earnings inequality. Between 1988 and 2007 the variance of log earnings increased from 0.27 to 0.48, a 78 per cent increase. Using a unique set of repeated cross-sectional data this paper examines the causes of this increase in earnings inequality. We find that the major changes occurred in the 1990s when the labour market moved from a centrally planned system to a market oriented system. The decomposition exercise conducted in the paper identifies the factor that drives the significant increase in the earnings variance in the 1990s to be an increase in the within-education-experience cell residual variances. Such an increase may be explained mainly by the increase in the price of unobserved skills. When an economy shifts from an administratively determined wage system to a market-oriented one, rewards to both observed and unobserved skills increase. The turn of the century saw a slowing down of the reward to both the observed and unobserved skills, due largely to the college expansion program that occurred at the end of the 1990s.Earnings inequality, China

Economic Reform, Education Expansion, and Earnings Inequality for Urban Males in China, 1988-2007

In the past 20 years the average real earnings of Chinese urban male workers have increased by 350 per cent. Accompanying this unprecedented growth is a considerable increase in earnings inequality. Between 1988 and 2007 the variance of log earnings increased from 0.27 to 0.48, a 78 per cent increase. Using a unique set of repeated cross-sectional data this paper examines the causes of this increase in earnings inequality. We find that the major changes occurred in the 1990s when the labour market moved from a centrally planned system to a market oriented system. The decomposition exercise conducted in the paper identifies the factor that drives the significant increase in the earnings variance in the 1990s to be an increase in the within-education-experience cell residual variances. Such an increase may be explained mainly by the increase in the price of unobserved skills. When an economy shifts from an administratively determined wage system to a market-oriented one, rewards to both observed and unobserved skills increase. The turn of the century saw a slowing down of the reward to both the observed and unobserved skills, due largely to the college expansion program that occurred at the end of the 1990s.earnings inequality, China

Comment on " a unified scheme for flavored mesons and baryons"

We would comment on the results of the paper "a unified scheme for flavored mesons and baryons" (P.C.Vinodkumar, J.N.Panandya, V.M.Bannur, and S.B.Khadkikar Eur. Phys. J. A4(1999)83), and point out some inconsistencies and mistakes in the work for solving the Dirac equation. In terms of an example for a single particle we investigate the reliability of the perturbative method for computing the Coulomb energy and discuss the contribution to the wavefunction at origin from the Coulomb potential. We conclude that the accuracy of their numerical results needs to be reconsidered.Comment: Latex file, 11page