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Failure Analysis of a Reactor after Explosion Accident

AbstractBurst of a reactor occurred in an explosion accident during the production of antistatic agent process. According to the results of site survey, the current regulations and standards as well as the requirements of the accident investigation group, the reason of burst was discussed by failure analysis of the shell and bolts. The shell strength was analyzed by visual inspection, thickness measurement, and strength verification as well as estimating of bursting pressure. It can be concluded that the tank strength met the requirements of design condition. The bolts of the reactor was broken in the accident, so the failure analysis of bolts was carried out in detail, including visual inspection, fracture examination, chemical composition analysis, mechanical testing and strength verification. According to the results of the measured mechanical properties, the strength of the bolts was verified. It can be concluded that the bolts could bear the proof pressure test safely. Fracture analysis shows that no obvious metallurgical defects were found, the bolts were broken due to extreme overload. According to the technical analysis of the shell and the bolts, it can be concluded that the reactor could service safely under normal operating conditions. The cause of the bursting was transient extreme overpressure

Mechanical and biodeterioration behaviours of a clayey soil strengthened with combined carrageenan and casein

In the last decade, biopolymers have been used as organic soil binders in ground improvement and earthen construction material modification. Although biopolymer-treated soils have substantially enhanced mechanical strength, the deformation characteristics under external loads and material durability (e.g. biodeterioration due to microbial activity) have not yet been fully understood, which limits the in situ practical application of the biopolymer-based soil treatment technology. This study investigated the efficiency of combined carrageenan and casein in strengthening a clayey soil with the biodeterioration consideration. Both mechanical tests (e.g. unconfined compressive strength and one-dimensional consolidation) and biological tests (e.g. high throughput sequencing and rating of mould growth) were conducted. Results indicated that the usage of the carrageenan–casein mixture induced a higher soil compressive strength compared with either carrageen or casein, due to the formation of a three-dimensional gel network. In addition, carrageenan–casein mixture and casein decreased the compressibility of the clayey soil, which might be attributed to the casein’s peculiarity of self-associating into micelles, leading to minimal interactions with water molecules. Carrageenan, due to its affinity for water, increased the soil compressibility. Under the impact of microbial activity, the biopolymer-treated soils underwent deterioration in both surface appearance (i.e. coloured stains and patches caused by mould growth) and compressive strength. A linear relationship was proposed, in which a reduction in compressive strength by approximately 11% is expected while the rating of mould growth is increased by one in a five-rating system. The current research demonstrates that the soil reinforcement with combined carrageenan and casein is able to improve both soil strength and deformation behaviours. It is also suggested to take into account the biodeterioration considerations in the design and implementation of biopolymer-based soil reinforcement practices

La movilidad en la Comunidad de Madrid. ¿Diferencias según género?

La movilidad, elemento vital en la vida modema, contribuye a la organizaci6n de nuestras tareas diarias fuera del hogar (BrSg, 1996). Tradicionalmente, hombres y mujeres han tenido "roles" diferentes y, por tanto, pautas de movilidad tambien distintas. Sin embargo, la incorporaci6n de la mujer al mercado laboral, a lo largo de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, ha traido consigo un acercamiento en las necesidades de desplazamiento de ambos generos. Esta incorporaci6n, unida a la desigual distribuci6n en las responsabilidades domesticas, ha despertado el interes por conocer las diferencias que existen en la movilidad cotidiana de hombres y mujeres. ^Cual es la situation en la Comunidad de Madrid? El estudiol del que aqui se exponen las principales conclusiones ha analizado las diferencias en la movilidad diaria de hombres y mujeres. Primero desde una perspectiva global, considerando, en primer lugar, el conjunto de la movilidad, y, a continuation, un analisis especifico exclusivamente de la movilidad laboral. En una segunda parte, se analiza la distribution territorial y el nivel economico, variables tradicionalmente asociadas a la eleccion modal. Para todo ello, se han utilizado los datos de la Encuesta Domiciliaria de Movilidad de 2004, realizada por el Consorcio Regional de Transportes de Madrid. Entre las conclusiones obtenidas, cabe destacar: • Las mujeres viajan mas a pie y en transporte publico, mientras que los hombres se desplazan principalmente en coche. • Este menor uso del coche no responde a una menor disponibilidad de vehiculo privado, sino tambien a una election personal • El uso del coche por parte de la mujer parccc cstar relacionado con el nivel de ingrcsos, no asi el del hombrc, que parccc rcspondcr a la busqueda de una imagen personal

Generation of spatially-separated spin entanglement in a triple quantum dot system

We propose a novel method for the creation of spatially-separated spin entanglement by means of adiabatic passage of an external gate voltage in a triple quantum dot system.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure