Characteristics of aerosol optical depth retrieved from AERONET in Vietnam and comparison with MODIS data

In this paper, we summarized aerosol optical depth (AOD) data retrieved from AERONET (Aerosol RObotic NETwork) sites in Vietnam. The characteristics of AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth)  retrieved from AERONET has been validated and compared with AOD retrieved from MODIS/Terra satellite. Firstly, AOD at 500nm retrieved from AERONET sites are used to evaluate the mean value, annual variation, diurnal variation and variable trend of AOD. Then, the interpolation techniques have been used to derive AOD at 550nm from AOD at 500nm and compare with AOD retrieved by MODIS satellite data. The monthly averaged error, annual averaged error, root mean square error and correlation coefficient are used to compare. As a result, the averaged AOD value is 0.68; 0.70; 0.25 and 0.24 in Bac Giang, Nghia Do, Nha Trang and Bac Lieu, respectively. The annual variation of Bac Giang, Nghia Do and Nha Trang has two peaks (in  October and March) and two minimum values (in December, June and July). At Bac Lieu site, there is a maximum value in Jannuary and a minimum ones in July. At all sites, most of the  anomalies were annually observed in the period of AOD maximum. In the monitoring period, AOD trend slightly decreased in Bac Giang and significantly decreased in Nghia Do . The annual average differences are  0.09, 0.13, 0.05 and 0.11 in Bac Giang, Nghia Do, Nha Trang and Bac Lieu, respectively. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) are 0.23, 0.22, 0.09, and 0.16 for Bac Giang, Nghia Do, Nha Trang and Bac Lieu, respectively. The correlation between MODIS AOD and AERONET AOD is found to be quite high (r=0.90) at Nghia Do. For other sites, the correlation coefficients are 0.87, 0.85, 0.79 at Bac Giang, Nha Trang and Bac Lieu, respectively.ReferencesNguyễn Xuân Anh, Lê Việt Huy, 2008: Nghiên cứu aerosol qua trạm Bắc Giang và Bạc Liêu. Tuyển tập các công trình nghiên cứu vật lý địa cầu 2008, trang 307-320. Holben B. N., T. F. Eck, I. Slutsker, T. Tanre, J. P. Buis, A.Setzer, E. Vermote, J.A. Reagan, Y. J. Kaufman, T.Nakajima, F. Lavenu, I. Jankowiak, and A. Smirnov, 1998: AERONET: a federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization. Remote Sens. Environ., 37 : 2403 - 2412. Kaufman Y. J., Didier Tanre, and Olivier Boucher, 2002: A satellite view of aerosols in the climate system. Nature, 419: 215-223, 2002. 29 Nguyễn Trọng Hiệu, Phạm Thanh Hương, Lê Thị Bảo Ngọc, 2005: Một số dị thường khí hậu tiêu biểu ở Việt Nam thời kỳ 1961-2000. Tạp chí Khí tượng Thủy văn, tr.1-9. Lau K.-M. et al., 2008: The joint Aerosol-Monsoon Experiment: A New Challenge for Monsoon Climate Research. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol 89, 369-383. Mielonen T. , R. C. Levy, V. Aaltonen, M. Komppula, G. de Leeuw, J. Huttunen, H. Lihavainen, P. Kolmonen, K. E. J. Lehtinen, and A. Arola1, 2011: Evaluating the assumptions of surface reflectance and aerosol type selection within the MODIS aerosol retrieval over land: the problem of dust type selection Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 201-214. Sanjay More, P. Pradeep Kumar, Pawan Gupta, P.C.S. Devara, G.R. Aher, 2013: Comparison of Aerosol Products Retrieved from AERONET, MICROTOPS and  MODIS over a Tropical Urban City, Pune, India. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 13: 107-121. Phan Văn Tân, 2005 : Phương pháp thống kê trong khí hậu. Nhà xuất bản Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội, 260 trang. Phạm Xuân Thành, Nguyễn Xuân Anh, Lê Việt Huy, Lê Như Quân, Hoàng Hải Sơn, Phạm Lê Khương, 2011: Ảnh hưởng của mưa đầu mùa tới độ dày quang học sol khí tại Bạc Liêu. Tạp chí Các Khoa học về Trái Đất, T.33, (1), tr.10-17. Phạm Xuân Thành, Nguyễn Xuân Anh, Đỗ Ngọc Thuý, Lê Việt Huy, 2012: Ảnh hưởng của hoàn lưu gió mùa mùa đông tới độ dày quang học sol khí tại Bạc Liêu và Bắc Giang. Tạp chí Các khoa học về Trái Đất, 34, (3), tr.266-274 Phạm Xuân Thành, Nguyễn Xuân Anh, Đỗ Ngọc Thúy, Phạm Lê Khương, Hoàng Hải Sơn, Nguyễn Ngọc Quang, 2014: So sánh độ dày quang học sol khí từ nguồn số liệu MODIS và AERONET tại khu vực Bắc Giang. Hội thảo khoa học “Công nghệ vũ trụ và ứng dụng”, Hà Nội. Tripathi S. N., Sagnik Dey, A. Chandel, S. Srivastava, Ramesh P. Singh, B. N. Holben, 2005: Comparison of MODIS and AERONET derived aerosol optical depth over the Ganga Basin, India. Annales Geophysicae, 23, 1093-1101.Qifang Xu, Zoran Obradovic, Bo Han, Yong Li, Amy Braverman, Slobodan Vucetic, 2005: Improving Aerosol Retrieval Accuracy by Integrating AERONET, MISR and MODIS Data.  8th International Conference on Information Fusion, 25-28 July 2005.Qi YuLei, GE JinMing Huang JianPing, 2013 : Spatial and temporal distribution of MODIS and MISR aerosol optical depth over northern China and comparison with AERONET. Chinese Science Bulletin, Vol.58 No.20: 249-2506,doi: 10.1007/s11434-013-5678-5.http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/    

An Autoethnography of an EFL Teacher Stages of Development in Choices of the Best ELT Methodology

This paper attempted to share lived experiences in the teaching career of an EFL teacher in her choices of the best pedagogical methods to be applied in her class. The paper was done under the lens of autoethnography, which was believed to be the most appropriate measure to deal with writing genres such as experiences and narratives in one’s life. The result presented three important stages that an average EFL teacher might undergo. It is hoped that the paper could provide more insights into the teaching life and experiences of the typical EFL teacher and thus be beneficial to novice colleagues in perfecting their profession. Keywords: autoethnography, ETL methodology, EFL teachers, professional development DOI: 10.7176/JEP/14-21-01 Publication date:July 31st 202

Giant breast cavernous hemangioma

Although breast vascular tumors are exceedingly rare, the benign group's most common tumor, the hemangioma, is frequently found in lumpectomy or mastectomy tissues during histological analyses. The 3 types of hemangiomas are capillary, cavernous, and venous. The most typical kind of hemangioma is cavernous. Cavernous hemangiomas are benign blood vessel tumors that arise from established blood vessels. The best imaging technique for examining the makeup of breast vessels is magnetic resonance imaging. In this article, we purposed to describe an exceptionally uncommon case of giant breast cavernous hemangioma

A Systematic Study of Compositionally Dependent Dielectric Tensors of SnSxSe1-x Alloys by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

We report the dielectric tensors on the cleavage plane of biaxial SnSxSe1-x alloys in the spectral energy region from 0.74 to 6.42 eV obtained by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Single-crystal SnSxSe1-x alloys were grown by the temperature-gradient method. Strongly anisotropic optical responses are observed along the different principal axes. An approximate solution yields the anisotropic dielectric functions along the zigzag (a-axis) and armchair (b-axis) directions. The critical point (CP) energies of SnSxSe1-x alloys are obtained by analyzing numerically calculated second derivatives, and their physical origins are identified by energy band structure. Blue shifts of the CPs are observed with increasing S composition. The fundamental bandgap for Se = 0.8 and 1 in the armchair axis arises from band-to-band transitions at the M0 minimum point instead of the M1 saddle point as in SnS. These optical data will be useful for designing optoelectronic devices based on SnSxSe1-x alloys

Optimization of donor cell cycle synchrony, maturation media and embryo culture system for somatic cell nuclear transfer in the critically endangered Vietnamese Ỉ pig

Our aim was to establish an efficient culture system to produce embryos by SCNT of the endangered Vietnamese Ỉ pig. Reducing the serum concentration from 10.0% to 0.2% during culture efficiently synchronized Ỉ pig fibroblasts used as donor cells at the G0/G1 stage. Oocyte maturation in a defined porcine oocyte medium (POM) supplemented with EGF and gonadotrophins resulted in higher cleavage and blastocyst rates compared with a non-defined POM containing pig follicular fluid (but without EGF) and both the defined and non-defined variants of NCSU-37. For embryo culture PZM3 and PZM5 media were superior to NCSU-37, in terms of the percentage of cleaved embryos. Addition of serum to PZM3 medium on Day 5 of culture (Day 0 = SCNT) improved blastocyst development. When SCNT embryos were transferred at the blastocyst stage, 7 of 11 recipients became pregnant. However, live offspring were not obtained. In conclusion, we established a system for the production of Ỉ pig embryos by SCNT and achieved blastocyst production rate at 26.4% by improving culture systems for donor cells, oocytes and embryos culture. Transfer of embryos resulted in pregnancies; however, live offspring were not obtained.Fil: Nguyen, Van Khanh. National Institute of Animal Science; VietnamFil: Somfai, Tamas. National Agriculture And Food Research Organization; JapónFil: Salamone, Daniel Felipe. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Thu Huong, Vu Thi. National Institute of Animal Science; VietnamFil: Le Thi Nguyen, Huong. National Institute of Animal Science; VietnamFil: Huu, Quan Xuan. National Institute of Animal Science; VietnamFil: Hoang, Au Thi. National Institute of Animal Science; VietnamFil: Phan, Hieu Trung. National Institute of Animal Science; VietnamFil: Thi Pham, Yen Kim. National Institute of Animal Science; VietnamFil: Pham, Lan Doan. National Institute of Animal Science; Vietna