Une stèle pour les 36 millions de victimes de la Grande famine

Depuis le début des années 1990, Yang Jisheng, l’auteur de Stèle funéraire, s’est servi de son statut de journaliste à l’Agence Chine nouvelle pour enquêter sur la Grande famine de la Chine des années 1960. Il a eu ainsi la possibilité d’effectuer de nombreuses interviews dans tout le pays, de se référer à des documents de premier plan, aussi précis qu’exhaustifs sur le sujet et de produire finalement une œuvre comparable à L’Archipel du Goulag de Soljenitsyne. Son livre rend compte de la cruelle réalité de la Chine de cette époque, province après province, dissèque les origines de la famine et réfute avec force les mensonges de la version historique officielle. En outre, l’auteur rend publique une somme considérable d’informations confidentielles, comme celle de l’ordre donné par Zhou Enlai de détruire les documents contenant le nombre de morts pendant la famine, après que Mao et lui-même en eurent pris connaissance. [Kaifang

Magnifier or refractor? Exploring the impact of geographical indication on people’s perception of the value of cultural ecosystem services based on the SolVES model

Purpose/SignificanceTo a certain extent, geographical indication (GI) protects the ecosystem of product origin, but there is still a lack of quantitative evidence on its cultural spillover effect. The mechanism of the impact of geo-certified landscapes on people’s perceived value of cultural ecosystem services (CESs) should be explored.Methods/ProceduresIn this study, two urban forest parks, Changqing and Zhongshan, which differ mainly in terms of geo-certified landscapes, were selected in Beihai, Guangxi. Basically, homogeneous volunteers were recruited, and photos of value labels were collected from their independent visits to two parks. The SolVES model was used to explore the effect of the presence or absence of geo-certified landscapes in urban park ecosystems on people’s CESs needs and the relation to the spatial context of the landscape.Results/ConclusionsThe results show that GI significantly enhance people’s perception of human CESs value of landscape elements, and clarifies the correspondence perception relationship between CESs value types and each landscape element. In addition to the spillover effect on humanistic value perception, GI also attracts and transfers people’s esthetic attention to the natural landscape itself to a certain extent. And these two effects will also spread to the ecosystem that the landscape belongs to

飘香蒙难记（上）

飘香蒙难记是《遭遇警察》一书中的一个章节。《遭遇警察》一书共收录了二十二位中国异议人士与政治警察（国保）打交道的真实故事，其中包括本书两位编辑徐友渔和华泽的亲身经历。徐友渔多年被警察监控和骚扰，华泽在二零一零年被警察用黑头套绑架并秘密关押五十五天。还包括“天安门母亲”的代表人物丁子霖夫妇在刘晓波获奖后被囚禁的经历、人权律师滕彪在二零零八年北京奥运之前被绑架的经历、法律援助机构“公盟”负责人许志永博士被逮捕的经历、人权活动家王荔蕻庆祝刘晓波获奖被拘留的经历、纪录片导演何杨被失踪的经历、记者雨声被毒打的经历、福建三网友言获罪坐牢的经历、参与营救陈光诚的英语教师何培蓉的经历。还有因签署零八宪章被喝茶、因看望良心犯家属被传唤、去天安门纪念“六·四”被扣留、向世博会挪威馆献花被谈话等等

Une stèle pour les 36 millions de victimes de la Grande famine

Depuis le début des années 1990, Yang Jisheng, l’auteur de Stèle funéraire, s’est servi de son statut de journaliste à l’Agence Chine nouvelle pour enquêter sur la Grande famine de la Chine des années 1960. Il a eu ainsi la possibilité d’effectuer de nombreuses interviews dans tout le pays, de se référer à des documents de premier plan, aussi précis qu’exhaustifs sur le sujet et de produire finalement une oeuvre comparable à L’Archipel du Goulag de Soljenitsyne. Son livre rend compte de la cruelle réalité de la Chine de cette époque, province après province, dissèque les origines de la famine et réfute avec force les mensonges de la version historique officielle. En outre, l’auteur rend publique une somme considérable d’informations confidentielles, comme celle de l’ordre donné par Zhou Enlai de détruire les documents contenant le nombre de morts pendant la famine, après que Mao et lui-même en eurent pris connaissance. [ Kaifang]Youyu Xu, Bonnin Jêrome. Une stèle pour les 36 millions de victimes de la Grande famine. In: Perspectives chinoises, n°106, 2009. pp. 107-111

Digital Hydraulic Design for Low-Specific-Speed Propeller Runners with Fixed Blades

The operating point of a propeller hydropower station will deviate from the effective workspace while the discharge reduces excessively during dry seasons. It usually leads to a decrease in efficiency and even to being unable to work. To solve the above problem, a scheme named decreasing capacity to increase efficiency was presented in this article. A low-specific-speed propeller runner with fixed blades that has the same installing dimensions as the original one was redesigned and equipped in dry seasons. A positive circulation at the outlet of the blades bigger than in conventional runners is allowed. Some key technologies about hydraulic design for runner blades were researched, which include distribution of velocity circulation at the inlet and outlet of the runner, thickening of the epiphyseal line of an aerofoil, unfolding aerofoil being converted to a cylindrical section, etc. In the section on digital modeling for runner blades, aerofoils on the cylindrical sections at the rim and at the hub were constructed employing the trend extrapolation method. Moreover, a blade digital model was built at one time according to the aerofoils on all cylindrical sections by means of a successful redevelopment to UniGraphics, and it has perfect symmetry. A case presented indicates that the method of decreasing capacity to increase efficiency is feasible. Using the method, the turbine efficiency increased from less than 28.6% to 83.4% while the discharge decreased from 3.20 m3s−1 to 1.00 m3s−1, and then the hydropower unit was able to work properly

Digital Hydraulic Design for Low-Specific-Speed Propeller Runners with Fixed Blades

The operating point of a propeller hydropower station will deviate from the effective workspace while the discharge reduces excessively during dry seasons. It usually leads to a decrease in efficiency and even to being unable to work. To solve the above problem, a scheme named decreasing capacity to increase efficiency was presented in this article. A low-specific-speed propeller runner with fixed blades that has the same installing dimensions as the original one was redesigned and equipped in dry seasons. A positive circulation at the outlet of the blades bigger than in conventional runners is allowed. Some key technologies about hydraulic design for runner blades were researched, which include distribution of velocity circulation at the inlet and outlet of the runner, thickening of the epiphyseal line of an aerofoil, unfolding aerofoil being converted to a cylindrical section, etc. In the section on digital modeling for runner blades, aerofoils on the cylindrical sections at the rim and at the hub were constructed employing the trend extrapolation method. Moreover, a blade digital model was built at one time according to the aerofoils on all cylindrical sections by means of a successful redevelopment to UniGraphics, and it has perfect symmetry. A case presented indicates that the method of decreasing capacity to increase efficiency is feasible. Using the method, the turbine efficiency increased from less than 28.6% to 83.4% while the discharge decreased from 3.20 m3s−1 to 1.00 m3s−1, and then the hydropower unit was able to work properly

Comparison of combined laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and flexible ureteroscopy with percutaneous nephrolithotomy for removing large impacted upper ureteral stones with concurrent renal stones

Objectives: The present study compared the safety and efficacy of combined laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (LU) and flexible ureteroscopy with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for removing large impacted upper ureteral stones with concurrent renal stones. Methods: This study included 52 patients who underwent combined LU and retrograde flexible ureteroscopy for removing renal stones (group A) or PCNL (group B) for removing large upper impacted ureteral stones and concurrent renal stones at our department from January 2014 to December 2016. Patient demographics, stone characteristics, and procedure-related parameters including stone-free rate, operation time, hospital stay after surgery, mean decrease in hemoglobin levels, visual analog scale (VAS) score, auxiliary procedure rate, and complication rate were compared between groups A and B. Results: Results of this study showed that both procedures were effective for removing large impacted upper ureteral stones with concurrent renal stones. The stone-free rate after a single procedure was 95.7% in group A and 89.7% in group B (p = 0.62). The operation time was longer in group A than in group B (112.2 ± 23.3 min versus 96.2 ± 16.4 min, p = 0.006). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups with respect to the length of hospital stay after the surgery (5 days versus 6 days, p = 0.06). The decrease in hemoglobin levels was significantly higher in group B than in group A (−0.64 ± 0.36 g/dL versus −1.44 ± 0.65 g/dL, p < 0.0001). The mean VAS scores obtained at 24 hours (2.91 ± 1.08 versus 5.10 ± 1.01, p < 0.0001) and 48 hours after the surgery (1.09 ± 0.73 versus 2.28 ± 0.96, p < 0.0001) were significantly higher for group B than for group A. Moreover, the auxiliary procedure rate was higher in group B than in group A (6.9% versus 0%). Conclusion: These results indicate that both combined LU and flexible ureteroscopy and PCNL are suitable for removing large impacted upper ureteral stones with concurrent renal stones and are associated with a high rate of patients being stone free afterwards. Despite the longer operation time, the combined laparoscopic and endourological procedure may be associated with less postoperative pain and fewer major complications. However, the choice of treatment depends on the preferences of surgeons and patients. Keywords: Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy, Flexible ureteroscopy, Percutaneous nephrolithotomy, Ureteral stone, Renal ston

Community Change and Pathogenicity of <em>Vibrio</em>

Vibrio is a rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria, which is widely distributed in marine and estuarine environments worldwide. It is an important component of the aquatic ecosystem and plays an important role in biogeochemical cycle. Its population dynamics are usually affected by climate and seasonal factors. Most of the Vibrios in the environment are not pathogenic, but some of them are pathogenic bacteria for human and animal, such as Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio anguillarum, etc., which are generally reported to be related to aquatic animal diseases and human food-borne diseases. Over the last couple of years, due to the influence of the rising seawater temperature and climate change, the incidence of diseases caused by Vibrio infection has increased significantly, which poses a great threat to human health and aquaculture. The research on pathogenic Vibrio has attracted more and more attention. The abundance and community changes of Vibrio in the environment are usually controlled by many biological and abiotic factors. The Vibrio pathogenicity is related to the virulence factors encoded by virulence genes. The process of Vibrio infecting the host and causing host disease is determined by multiple virulence factors acting together, instead of being determined by a single virulence factor. In this chapter, community changes of Vibrio, as well as the virulence factors of Vibrio and the related virulence genes of Vibiro are summarized, and their important roles in Vibrio infection are also discussed

Denoising for 3D Point Cloud Based on Regularization of a Statistical Low-Dimensional Manifold

A point cloud obtained by stereo matching algorithm or three-dimensional (3D) scanner generally contains much complex noise, which will affect the accuracy of subsequent surface reconstruction or visualization processing. To eliminate the complex noise, a new regularization algorithm for denoising was proposed. In view of the fact that 3D point clouds have low-dimensional structures, a statistical low-dimensional manifold (SLDM) model was established. By regularizing its dimensions, the denoising problem of the point cloud was expressed as an optimization problem based on the geometric constraints of the regularization term of the manifold. A low-dimensional smooth manifold model was constructed by discrete sampling, and solved by means of a statistical method and an alternating iterative method. The performance of the denoising algorithm was quantitatively evaluated from three aspects, i.e., the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), mean square error (MSE) and structural similarity (SSIM). Analysis and comparison of performance showed that compared with the algebraic point-set surface (APSS), non-local denoising (NLD) and feature graph learning (FGL) algorithms, the mean SNR of the point cloud denoised using the proposed method increased by 1.22 DB, 1.81 DB and 1.20 DB, respectively, its mean MSE decreased by 0.096, 0.086 and 0.076, respectively, and its mean SSIM decreased by 0.023, 0.022 and 0.020, respectively, which shows that the proposed method is more effective in eliminating Gaussian noise and Laplace noise in common point clouds. The application cases showed that the proposed algorithm can retain the geometric feature information of point clouds while eliminating complex noise