Visual Analysis of Crop Rotation Fallow Patterns in Recent 5 Years Based on CiteSpace

Based on the "Web of Science Core Collection" (SCIE database), this article used the visualization software CiteSpace to visualize and analyze the crop rotation fallow patterns in the past five years. It analyzed the countries, institutions, keywords and hot topics of related literature to explore their research characteristics and development, and to provide reference for crop rotation fallow research and practice. The research shows that: 1) developed countries are the main research force in the field of crop rotation and fallowing, and the connection between the research of each country and each institution is not close; 2) research hotspots can be mainly summarized as: crop growth and yield, greenhouse gas emissions and soil health analysis, and the research in this field is constantly refined, combining macro and micro; 3) In recent years, there is a big gap between China and foreign countries in the field of crop rotation and fallow research. It is necessary to strengthen the cooperation with research institutions in developed countries in Europe and the United States, and to carry out crossregional and interdisciplinary research cooperation to improve the quality of papers and scientific research level

A Review of Research on Ecological Economics Based on Bibliometrics

The development of ecological economics is a major strategy for development in the 21st century. Although scholars have been rising more and more interesting for ecological economic over the past 10 years, it is still unclear what is the change will be facing in the future. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the future development of ecological economy, our article analyzes the current research progress of ecological economy on the basis of a bibliometric analysis. The results show that (1) sustainable development of an ecological economy is a hot research topic; (2) there is little cooperation and exchange between institutions and among scholars regarding ecological economics; (3) the number of publications on ecological economics is increasing, with a relatively large number being published in China. Therefore, we must strengthen the cooperation between institutions and among scholars and improve the research content, vision, and methods in this field. This study provides a theoretical basis for the future development of ecological economy

PO-065 The Role and Mechanism of Endocannabinoid System in Exercise-induced Antinociception

Objective As we all know, exercise can enhance the will, improve the mood, and counteract the bad feelings of the body, but the cause and mechanism of action have not been clear. The endocannabinoid system is an important regulatory system in the central nervous system that regulates cognition, mood and behavior. Endocannabinoids can exert physiological regulation through cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2). Cannabinoid receptors are widely distributed in the body and participate in the regulation of anti-nociceptive signals at multiple levels. This study will explore the role and mechanism of the endocannabinoid system in exercise-induced antinociception by literature research methods. Methods Using endocannabinoid, exercise/sports and antinociception or emotion as keywords, using Pubmed, Medline, and Embase databases to search for nearly 15 years of research literature and the literatures from cross-references of journals, after excluding the literature that is not relevant to the research content, the 12 articles included were analyzed. Results Exercise can activate the endocannabinoid system, the degree of activation is related to exercise intensity, and high-intensity exercise significantly increases endocannabinoid levels in the human body. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) are widely distributed in the nervous system including the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. When exercise activates the endocannabinoid system, the increased endocannabinoid in the circulatory system activates CB1 and CB2 receptors, promotes hyperpolarization of the nervous system cells, reduces the rate of excitable cell release, and inhibits neurotransmitters, and reduce nociceptive impulses, thereby the body produces anti-nociception. Pretreatment with endocannabinoid metabolic enzyme inhibitors (MAFP, JZL184) and endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitors (VDM11) can be extended and enhanced the antinociceptive effect of exercise. Pretreatment with endocannabinoid receptor antagonists (AM251 and AM630) will inhibit the antinociception induced by aerobic exercise in mechanical and thermal nociceptive tests. Conclusions Exercise can enhance the level of circulating endocannabinoids, activate the endocannabinoid system through endocannabinoid receptors, and then induce the body to produce anti-nociceptive effects. The degree of activation is related to exercise intensity. Studying the role and mechanism of the endocannabinoid system in exercise-induced antinociception can provide a theoretical basis for exercise to improve depression, anxiety and other emotions, improve the sense of life and prevent mental disorders

OR-023 Physical evaluation of 6-7 years old female preselected tennis players

Objective Through testing and analysis the characteristics of body shape，body composition，bone growth and physical fitness，hemoglobin, testosterone of 6-7 years old female preselected tennis players，the study aim was to provide reference bases for the early selection of female tennis players. Methods A total of 75 female preselected tennis players(initial selection by the coaches) aged from 6 to 7 years were came from Hebei, Hubei, Qinghai and Inner Mongolia province, who came to Research Center for Heath related Physical Fitness Evaluation of Guangzhou Sport University for physical fitness test from July 2016 to July 2018. The height, weight, length of upper limbs, length of lower limbs, iliac width, shoulder width, body fat, muscle mass, bone age，bone mass density(BMD), anaerobic power and PWC170, reaction time, vertical jump, grip strength, hemoglobin, testosterone were measured using related instruments and methods, and calculated derived indicators BMI, iliac width/shoulder width. Data were compared with the national standard of physical health of students and/or evaluated by deviation method，and correlation had been analysed among physical parameters. Results 1)The 75 female preselected tennis players’ aged from 6 to 7 years height and weight were 128.10±5.32cm and 25.70±3.87kg，and there are 47 girls height upper medium grade level, 60% of which weight was at a moderate level, their BMI were 15.48±1.50kg/m2，and all in the normal range, iliac width/shoulder width ×100 was 76.52±7.00, 70.7% 0f which was above medium grade level, the upper and lower limbs were 54.28±3.60cm and 71.68±5.26cm, girls’ PBF were 21.03±6.44, muscle weight were 18.94±3.00kg, BMD were 2.04±2.20, and no low bone strength were fund; Anaerobic power of all female preselected tennis players were 135.93±31.65kg.cm, and the values of the PWC170 relative weight were 10.79±2.56kg.m/min.kg, reaction time were 0.628±0.128s, vertical jump were 21.13±4.95cm, the grip of right and left hand were 10.36±2.15kg and 10.06±2.40kg, the physical fitness parameters above in the upper middle class were more girls than the lower middle class; The hemoglobin content was 132.15±8.70g/L, which was above the normal level (110 -160g/L), the serum testosterone concentration was 1.52±1.20umol/L, which was much higher than that of normal girls (0-0.7umol/L). 2) When age was controlled, there was negative correlation between T and PFB, vertical jump and body weight, PWC170 and reaction time(P＜0.05), and there was positive correlation between hemoglobin and muscle weight(P＜0.05), height, and vertical jump(P＜0.01), muscle weight and anaerobic power(P<0.01)，anaerobic power and height，weight，BMI，upper and lower limbs(P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.01)，PWC170 and vertical jump，the grip of right and left hand(P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.05), vertical jump and upper, lower limbs, iliac width/shoulder width(P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.01). Conclusions 75 female aged from 6 to 7 years old preselected tennis players’ body shape, physical fitness, physiological and biochemical function were superior to peers, and in those parameters，there were more people in upper middle grade than  lower middle grade. There is a certain correlation between body composition, shape and fitness of female preselected tennis players’ aged from 6 to 7 years

OR-007 Identification of Early Predictive Biomarkers for Exercise-induced Immunodepression by Urinary iTRAQ-proteomic Analysis

Objective Exercise-induced immunodepression is a common medical problem in competitive sports, leading to upper respiratory tract infection, affecting sports training and sports performance, and increasing athletes' sports disease and injury risk. Finding non-invasive early predictive biomarkers of exercise-induced immunodepression and giving corresponding preventive measures is therefore an important issue in sports training. iTRAQ is an important method that currently looking for and discovering disease-specific protein biomarkers of disease prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and efficacy monitoring. In this study, early predictive biomarkers of exercise-induced immunodepression will be identified through the iTRAQ proteomics technique, which helps to prevent the occurrence of exercise-induced immunodepression. Methods Fifteen healthy males were recruited from the student cohort of Guangzhou Sport University. Subjects performed four-week incremental load running exercise. The weekly running load intensity was 60% VO2max, 70% VO2max, 80% VO2max, 90% VO2max respectively, 5d/w, and 1h/d. The fasting venous blood and urine of the subjects was collected in the morning before the start of the training intervention and at the end of each training week. The white blood cells of the whole blood and the levels of the lymphocyte subtypes CD4+ and CD8+ were tested to monitor the immune function status of the subjects. iTRAQ proteomics technology was used to test and identify differential proteins and their characteristics in urine. Results During the four weeks of increasing running load, the subject’s immune function was progressively reduced. Whole blood white blood cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte fell by more than 10% at the end of the fourth week, showing exercise-induced Immunodepression. Using iTRAQ to test urine proteomes, there were as many as 1854 proteins in the urine during the incremental loading process. The relative molecular weights of most of the proteins were between 10-80 kDa, and the isoelectric point was between 4.5 and 7. During the four weeks of incremental loading running, there were 89, 52, 77, and 148 differential proteins up-regulated, and 66, 27, 68, and 114 differential proteins downregulated respectively in the urine of each week. The differential proteins were mostly found in extracellular and plasma membranes. It is mainly involved in the in vivo biological process, the immune system process, the material transport, and is related to the positive regulatory pathways and immune regulatory pathways for stress response. The up-regulation multiples of four up-regulated proteins such as Semenogelin-1, Prolactin-inducible protein, Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-like protein, and Nucleoside diphosphate kinase increased with increasing exercise intensity. The up-regulated multiples of Glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase, Secretogranin-1, Prosaposin, and Nephronectin (Fragment) increased with increasing exercise intensity from the second week of exercise. The down-regulation multiples of Ig kappa chain C region, Immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-21 of CUB and EGF-like domain-containing protein 2 and Uromodulin decreased further with the increase of exercise intensity from the second week of exercise, which was consistent with the change of immune function. Conclusions Urine iTRAQ proteomics technique is an important method to identify early predictive biomarkers of exercise-induced immunodepression, which helps to prevent the occurrence of exercise-induced immunodepression. In this study, the differential proteins in urine, such as Semenogelin-1, Prolactin-inducible protein, Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-like protein, and Nucleoside diphosphate kinase can be considered as early predictive biomarkers of exercise-induced immunodepression

The effect of dietary supplementation with blueberry, cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside, yoghurt and its peptides on gene expression associated with glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle obtained from a high-fat-highcarbohydrate diet induced obesity model

Obesity is a leading global health problem contributing to various chronic diseases, including type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to investigate whether blueberries, yoghurt, and their respective bioactive components, Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (C3G) and peptides alone or in combinations, alter the expression of genes related to glucose metabolism in skeletal muscles from diet-induced obese mice. In extensor digitorum longus (EDL), yoghurt up-regulated the expression of activation of 5'adenosine monophosphateactivated protein kinase (AMPK), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol- 3 kinase (PI3K) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), and down-regulated the expression of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR-1). The combination of blueberries and yoghurt downregulated the mRNA expression of AGTR-1 and Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) in the EDL. Whereas the combination of C3G and peptides down-regulated AGTR-1 and up-regulated GLUT4 mRNA expression in the EDL. In the soleus, blueberries and yoghurt alone, and their combination down-regulated AGTR-1 and up-regulated GLUT4 mRNA expression. In summary blueberries and yoghurt, regulated multiple genes associated with glucose metabolism in skeletal muscles, and therefore may play a role in the management and prevention of T2DM

Formation of TiC via interface reaction between diamond grits and Sn-Ti alloys at relatively low temperatures

In this paper, interfacial reaction between diamond grit and Sn-6Ti alloy was systematically studied at brazing temperatures from 600 to 1030 °C. A thin and uniform layer of scallop-like nano-sized TiC grains was formed after brazing for 30 min at 600 °C, and interfacial TiC grains subsequently coarsened as brazing temperature increased to 740 and 880 °C. Strip-like columnar TiC grains in a bilayer structure was further grown as brazing temperature increased to 930 °C. After brazing at 1030 °C, a dense layer of columnar TiC grains were formed. Based on the TEM micrographs of interfacial TiC, the formation and evolution of the growth morphologies of interfacial TiC was believed to be controlled by the diffusion of C flux from diamond grits, which is dependent on the brazing temperatures

Neuraminidase and Hemagglutinin Matching Patterns of a Highly Pathogenic Avian and Two Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Viruses

BACKGROUND: Influenza A virus displays strong reassortment characteristics, which enable it to achieve adaptation in human infection. Surveying the reassortment and virulence of novel viruses is important in the prevention and control of an influenza pandemic. Meanwhile, studying the mechanism of reassortment may accelerate the development of anti-influenza strategies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) matching patterns of two pandemic H1N1 viruses (the 1918 and current 2009 strains) and a highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (H5N1) were studied using a pseudotyped particle (pp) system. Our data showed that four of the six chimeric HA/NA combinations could produce infectious pps, and that some of the chimeric pps had greater infectivity than did their ancestors, raising the possibility of reassortment among these viruses. The NA of H5N1 (A/Anhui/1/2005) could hardly reassort with the HAs of the two H1N1 viruses. Many biological characteristics of HA and NA, including infectivity, hemagglutinating ability, and NA activity, are dependent on their matching pattern. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data suggest the existence of an interaction between HA and NA, and the HA NA matching pattern is critical for valid viral reassortment

Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation Reverses the After-Effects of Contralateral Virtual Lesion on the Suprahyoid Muscle Cortex: Evidence From Dynamic Functional Connectivity Analysis

Contralateral intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) can potentially improve swallowing disorders with unilateral lesion of the swallowing cortex. However, the after-effects of iTBS on brain excitability remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the alterations of temporal dynamics of inter-regional connectivity induced by iTBS following continuous TBS (cTBS) in the contralateral suprahyoid muscle cortex. A total of 20 right-handed healthy subjects underwent cTBS over the left suprahyoid muscle motor cortex and then immediately afterward, iTBS was applied to the contralateral homologous area. All of the subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) pre- and post-TBS implemented on a different day. We compared the static and dynamic functional connectivity (FC) between the post-TBS and the baseline. The whole-cortical time series and a sliding-window correlation approach were used to quantify the dynamic characteristics of FC. Compared with the baseline, for static FC measurement, increased FC was found in the precuneus (BA 19), left fusiform gyrus (BA 37), and right pre/post-central gyrus (BA 4/3), and decreased FC was observed in the posterior cingulate gyrus (PCC) (BA 29) and left inferior parietal lobule (BA 39). However, in the dynamic FC analysis, post-TBS showed reduced FC in the left angular and PCC in the early windows, and in the following windows, increased FC in multiple cortical areas including bilateral pre- and postcentral gyri and paracentral lobule and non-sensorimotor areas including the prefrontal, temporal and occipital gyrus, and brain stem. Our results indicate that iTBS reverses the aftereffects induced by cTBS on the contralateral suprahyoid muscle cortex. Dynamic FC analysis displayed a different pattern of alteration compared with the static FC approach in brain excitability induced by TBS. Our results provide novel evidence for us in understanding the topographical and temporal aftereffects linked to brain excitability induced by different TBS protocols and might be valuable information for their application in the rehabilitation of deglutition