Xylo-oligosaccharides and Ethanol Production from Liquid Hot Water Hydrolysate of Sugarcane Bagasse

With the objective of maximizing the use of liquid hot water hydrolysate of sugarcane bagasse, xylo-oligosaccharides and ethanol were respectively produced by the methods of purification and microbial fermentation. The processes of purification with activated charcoal, overliming, solvent extraction, vacuum evaporation, and use of an ion exchange resin were evaluated, and the results indicated that anion exchange chromatography performed well in terms of by-product removal. The recovery and purity of xylo-oligosaccharides reached 92.0% and 90.4%, respectively, using column chromatography with the resin LS30 at a flow rate of 2 mL/min at 25 degrees C. The hydrolysate was used in ethanol fermentation with Pichia stipitis CBS6054 followed by the production of fermentable saccharides and detoxification. The highest ethanol concentration was 4.12 g/L with a theoretical yield of 47.9% for the hydrolysate after xylanase digestion and resin detoxification, similar to the data of the control experiment, which had an ethanol concentration of 4.64 g/L and a yield of 49.6%. However, the former had a higher ethanol productivity of 0.0860 g/(L.h), and the highest ethanol concentration appeared 12 to 24 h earlier compared to the control. This study suggests that combined generation of xylo-oligosaccharides and cellulosic ethanol could help maximize profits for a cane sugar factory

5-Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride loaded microbubbles-mediated sonodynamic therapy in pancreatic cancer cells

Abstract5-Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (ALA)-mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT) had anti-tumour effect on pancreatic cancer cells. Hence, ALA loaded lipid/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microbubbles (MBs)-mediated SDT for pancreatic cancer has great potential. The average size of ALA-lipid MBs and ALA-PLGA MBs was about 3.0 µm. The two kinds of MBs had good biocompatibility to normal HPDE6-C7 cells and were not toxic to pancreatic cancer cells. Compared with ALA-induced SDT, a statistically significant decrease in cell viability was observed in ALA lipid/PLGA MBs combined with ultrasound groups in AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells (p < .05). Obvious effect on the apoptotic rate, apoptosis and pyroptosis morphology, enhanced reactive oxygen species was found in ALA-lipid/PLGA MBs mediated SDT in vitro. Through in vivo study, we found ALA-lipid/PLGA MBs-mediated SDT was a promise treatment for pancreatic cancer