Tempol Protects Against Acetaminophen Induced Acute Hepatotoxicity by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute hepatotoxicity is the leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (tempol) on the protection of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Mice were pretreated with a single dose of tempol (20 mg/kg per day) orally for 7 days. On the seventh day, mice were injected with a single dose of APAP (300 mg/kg) to induce acute hepatotoxicity. Our results showed that tempol treatment markedly improved liver functions with alleviations of histopathological damage induced by APAP. Tempol treatment upregulated levels of antioxidant proteins, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione. Also, phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt) and protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf 2) and heme oxygense-1 (HO-1) were all increased by tempol, which indicated tempol protected against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity via the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway. Moreover, tempol treatment decreased pro-apoptotic protein expressions (cleaved caspase-3 and Bax) and increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 in liver, as well as reducing apoptotic cells of TUNEL staining, which suggested apoptotic effects of tempol treatment. Overall, we found that tempol normalizes liver function in APAP-induced acute hepatotoxicity mice via activating PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway, thus enhancing antioxidant response and inhibiting hepatic apoptosis

Efficient residual network using hyperspectral images for corn variety identification

Corn seeds are an essential element in agricultural production, and accurate identification of their varieties and quality is crucial for planting management, variety improvement, and agricultural product quality control. However, more than traditional manual classification methods are needed to meet the needs of intelligent agriculture. With the rapid development of deep learning methods in the computer field, we propose an efficient residual network named ERNet to identify hyperspectral corn seeds. First, we use linear discriminant analysis to perform dimensionality reduction processing on hyperspectral corn seed images so that the images can be smoothly input into the network. Second, we use effective residual blocks to extract fine-grained features from images. Lastly, we detect and categorize the hyperspectral corn seed images using the classifier softmax. ERNet performs exceptionally well compared to other deep learning techniques and conventional methods. With 98.36% accuracy rate, the result is a valuable reference for classification studies, including hyperspectral corn seed pictures

Stability of Stochastic Networks with Proportional Delays and the Unsupervised Hebbian-Type Learning Algorithm

The stability problem of stochastic networks with proportional delays and unsupervised Hebbian-type learning algorithms is studied. Applying the Lyapunov functional method, a stochastic analysis technique and the Ito^ formula, we obtain some sufficient conditions for global asymptotic stability. We also discuss the estimation of the second moment. The correctness of the main results is verified by two numerical examples

The Effect of Mixing Chamber Configuration and Submersion Depth on Centrifugal Aerator Performance

Centrifugal aerators are a vital piece of equipment in water treatment. To improve the efficiency and economy of their operation, a study of their mixing chamber structure and submergence depth was carried out using a combination of numerical simulations and experiments. A centrifugal aerator dissolved oxygen (DO) test bench was built and the numerical simulation was compared with the experiment, the inlet air flow rate showing only a 2.23% error, which verifies the reliability of the numerical simulation. The results show that the capacity of oxygen dissolved in the aeration tank increases and then decreases as the relative area ratio (ð) of the mixing chamber increases, reaching the best capacity at ð = 8.38. In the case of different submergence coefficients (β), the gas volume fraction increased by 31.29% on average at β = 0.15; the standard oxygen transfer rate (SOTR) increased and then decreased with the increase of β, with an average increase of 56.6%. Moreover, the oxygenation performance of centrifugal aerators was significantly improved by the reasonable submergence depth and the structure of the mixing chamber

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND WEAR MECHANISM RESEARCH OF FEEDING SCREW OF COAL CLEANING MACHINE

In order to study the transportation efficiency of the aggregate device of coal cleaning machine, taking a certain type of coal cleaning machine as the research object, establishing the mechanical model of interaction between particles and blades, obtaining the relationship between force and speed.Based on the Archard wear theory and discrete element method, Coupling model of screw and coal was established by EDEM.Analyzing the transportation capacity of screw by controlling variable, the influence of coal particle size and rotating speed on the wear depth of screw was studied.The results show that increasing the rotating speed can improve the coal transportation efficiency in terms of speed control, but too fast speed will cause particles to fly out along the radial direction.The wear depth of the screw decreases first and then increases with speed changing in from 20 r/min to 65 r/min.When speed is increased from 35 r/min to 50 r/min, the efficiency improvement effect is the most significant.,the torque of screw is relatively small at the same time.In conclusion, the best range of screw speed is 35 r/min～ 50 r/min.In addition, the screw wear is serious when transporting large coal particles compared with small particles.Therefore, in practical application, the transportation of large coal should be carried out at low screw speed.Based on the above conclusion, in this paper, an optimal mathematical model is established to minimize the driving torque, obtaining the optimal structure and dynamic parameters of the screw, and proving the correctness of optimization process by simulation test.It provides a theoretical reference for improving the transportation efficiency of the coal cleaning machine, reducing the energy consumption of the equipment and prolonging the service life of the equipment

Non-destructive Evaluation Method of Large-scale Casting Piece Based on Metallographic Structure Statistical Analysis

Aimed at the great metallographic structure differences between every part of the large-scale thin-wall complex integral precise titanium alloy casting, a non-destructive evaluation method based on metallographic structure statistical analysis is proposed. Under the non-destructive condition, the casting skin structure information is given by means of handheld microscope. The casting skin structure statistic model is established. And the result of integral casting structure is given. Through comparative analysis between non-destructive evaluation (Method A) and metallography detection of the dissect sample (Method B), the results show that the non-destructive evaluation evaluates the metallographic structure effectively. The mean value and half-width of the grain size distribution curves fit the characteristic of Gaussian distribution. And the grain size mean value in both two methods increase linearly along with the casting thickness, and the slope deviation is within the limits of 6%; the half-width relative deviation increases exponentially along with the casting thickness, approached 26%

Strengthening of compound casting Al/Mg bimetallic interface with Ni interlayer by vibration assisted treatment

To improve the microstructure of compound casting Al/Mg bimetallic interface and optimize the bonding performance, the vibration assisted treatment and the Ni interlayer coating treatment were combined. After the composite treatment, the thickness of the Al/Mg bimetallic interface decreased significantly, only 8.13% of the original interface thickness. The original large amount of brittle and hard Al–Mg intermetallic compounds (IMCs) no longer existed, and were replaced by the (Mg–Ni) layer dominated by Mg3Ni2Al, the Al3Ni layer and the Ni solid solution layer. The shear crushing effect and the convective stirring effect of the vibration assisted treatment provided more stable and good metallurgical bonding for the Al/Mg bimetallic interface after introducing Ni interlayer. On this basis, combined with the second phase strengthening effect of the newly precipitating Mg3Ni2Al, the bonding strength of the Al/Mg bimetallic interface significantly improved, from 35.47 MPa to 56.12 MPa, with an increase of 58.22%

Constructing ultrathin film with 'memory' photocatalytic activity from monolayered tungstate nanodots

An ultrathin film of monolayered tungstate nanodots was successfully fabricated via a layer-by-layer self-assembly method, which shows a "memory" photocatalytic activity. Photoinduced electrons are quickly stored in the ultrathin film upon irradiation due to the reduction of W6+ to W5+, and discharged to produce superoxides, enabling post-irradiation antibacterial activities.</p

Ultrathin titanium oxide nanosheets film with memory bactericidal activity

An ultrathin photocatalytic film of titanium oxide was fabricated using two dimensional (2D) titanium oxide nanosheets (TONs) as building blocks. The as-prepared film was found be able to store photoelectrons upon UV irradiation due to the reduction/oxidation of T4+/Ti3+ on the 2D TONs. Post-illumination discharging of the stored electrons produced antibacterial radicals, and as a result, the as-prepared film showed memory bactericidal activity toward E. faecalis and E. coli in the dark.</p

Proof of concept: Integrated membrane distillation-forward osmosis approaches water production in a low-temperature CO2 capture

This study investigated the removal of CO from flue gas by an integrated membrane distillation-forward osmosis (MD–FO) system. Monoethanolamine (MEA) and sodium glycinate solutions were loaded with CO from a mixture of CO and N (1:9 in volume ratio) to simulate synthetic flue gas. CO desorption from the amine solution was evaluated using MD at 80 °C. Interaction between amines and the membrane polymeric matrix could alter the membrane surface hydrophobicity; however, under all experimental conditions it was still sufficiently hydrophobic for MD operation. Amine loss during MD operation for CO desorption was insignificant. FO was used to provide make-up water and cooling to the regenerated amine solution after CO desorption by MD. The results showed stable FO water flux when wastewater effluent was used as the source for make-up water. Repetitive CO loading and desorption experiments showed 87.0% and 88.1% CO re-absorption efficiency for MEA and sodium glycinate in the second cycle, respectively. Further investigation of this hybrid system is suggested to advance the CO desorption by MD process and water production by FO process. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2