Skin Ageing and Cancer

Human matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to the M10 family of the MA clan of endopeptidases. They are ubiquitarian enzymes, structurally characterized by an active site where a Zn2+ atom, coordinated by three histidines, plays the catalytic role, assisted by a glutamic acid as a general base. Based on their structure and substrate specificity, they can be categorized into five main subgroups, namely (1) collagenases (MMP-1, MMP-8 and MMP-13); (2) gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9); (3) stromelysins (MMP-3, MMP-10 and MMP-11); (4) matrilysins (MMP-7 and MMP-26) and (5) membrane-type (MT) MMPs (MMP-14, MMP-15, MMP-16, MMP-17, MMP-24 and MMP-25). MMPs can act on extracellular matrix (ECM) and non-ECM components affecting degradation and modulation of the ECM, growth-factor activation and cell-cell and cell-matrix signalling. In skin, MMPs are secreted by different cell types such as fibroblasts, keratinocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, mast cells, and eosinophils. This chapter reviews the role of MMPs in maintaining skin homeostasis, skin ageing and skin cancer

Adenomyosis and its impact on fertility

Adenomyosis is an estrogen dependent benign gynecological disease affecting women of reproductive age causing them to have an adverse effect. Symptoms in these patients include pelvic pain, menorrhagia, abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility. It has a negative impact on a woman’s reproductive ability. The gold standard treatment for adenomyosis is hysterectomy for whom fertility is not an issue and for whom future pregnancy has no concerns, however females who wish to retain uterus for child bearing purposes the treatment seems to be very challenging. In this literature we will focus on how adenomyosis affects the reproductive outcome in women and what is its impact on the pregnancy rate also we will enlighten the pregnancy outcomes and pregnancy rate in patient with adenomyosis after various treatment Including the medical, surgical and in-vitro fertilization

Investigating Attitudes toward Diversity among Engineering and Management Students

As the world becomes increasingly globalized, students and professionals face growing challenges related to working across national and cultural boundaries. A related concern for today’s educators and researchers is a lack of effective assessment tools to measure global competency among students in engineering, management, and other professional fields. To begin addressing this gap, two previously validated measures of personal attitudes and perceptions toward diversity were administered to students in multiple professional fields, as it was hypothesized that a positive attitude toward diversity is likely one of the major qualities that makes engineers and other professionals perform more sensitively and effectively in cross-national/cultural work environments. The first such measure is the Miville-Guzman Universality-Diversity Scale-Short form (MGUDS-S), a 15-item survey designed to evaluate a construct called Universal-Diverse Orientation (UDO) across three dimensions (Diversity of Contact, Relativistic Appreciation, and Comfort with Difference). The second measure consists of a 9-item Tolerance subscale taken from a larger Openness to Experience questionnaire. This study focuses on how the MGUDS-S and Tolerance tests are potentially related to one another, as well as to various demographic variables. It addresses these themes by first generating hypotheses based on previously published results for MGUDS-S, Tolerance, and related constructs. It then analyzes MGUDS-S, Tolerance, and demographic data collected from undergraduate students in engineering and management (n=1761) using appropriate statistical techniques (e.g. Spearman correlation analysis, Canonical correlation analysis, one way and two way ANOVA test). Demographic variables analyzed in this study include gender, academic level (first-year vs. sophomore or higher), major (engineering vs. management), and citizenship (U.S. vs. other). The results show that students’ scores on MGUDS-S and Tolerance are highly correlated. Additionally, our research shows that the engineering students have significantly higher scores in subscale 3 (Comfort with Differences) of MGUDS-S, and total scores in both tests; first-year students have significantly higher scores in subscale 1 (Diversity in Contact) of MGUDS-S; and international students have significantly higher scores in all 3 subscales of MUGUDS-S, and higher total scores in both tests. Finally, our study indicates that women scored significantly higher on MGUDS-S subscale 1 (Diversity of Contact), subscale 2 (Relativist Appreciation), and total score. This study sets the stage for a number of future studies, including: 1) examining how perceptions of and attitudes toward diversity are potentially related to individual performance on a situational judgment test (SJT) designed to measure global engineering competency, 2) Using factor analysis to create a short form Tolerance test, and 3) identifying relevant literature to help better understand and explain how the four demographic variables are related to MGUDS-S and Tolerance scores (e.g., Jesiek, Shen, & Haller, 2012)

The risk factors and preventive measures for the recurrence of endometrial polyps

Endometrial polyps (EPs) are a frequently encountered gynecologic disease with abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility being the two common presenting problems, and hysteroscopic polypectomy is an effective method to remove them. The postoperative polyp recurrence might result in reappearance of abnormal uterine bleeding or infertility, whereas factors influencing the postoperative recurrence potential have limited data. Endometrial polyp recurrence remains a concern with recurrence rates of 2.5% to 43.6%. As such, it is critical to identify the risk factors and the preventive measures for endometrial recurrence, especially in reproductive-age women desiring future conception, to aid in clinical counselling and decision making. The recurrence of EPs is related to estrogen stimulation and endometrial hyperplasia. The progesterone-containing drugs are currently the most commonly used method to prevent the recurrence of EPs. In this article, authors aim to discuss the high-risk factors of EPs recurrence and the preventive measures for EPs recurrence. The preventive measures will focus on the combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS)