CHI3L1 in the CSF is a potential biomarker for anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 encephalitis

ObjectiveAnti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1(LGI1) encephalitis is one rare autoimmune encephalitis which is accompanied by inflammatory responses. (Anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (anti-LGI1) encephalitis is an autoimmune disease mediated by inflammatory responses.)This study aimed to investigate the Chitinase 3-like 1(CHI3L1) in anti-LGI1encephalitis patients and evaluate its association with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score in anti-LGI1 encephalitis at admission and 6 months follow-up.(This study looked into the relationship between Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) and the modified Ranking Scale (mRS) score in anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients at admission and 6 months later.)MethodsThirty-five patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis and 22 patients with non-inflammatory neurological disease were enrolled in this study. (We enrolled 35 patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis and 22 patients with non-inflammatory neurological disease.)Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum levels of CHI3L1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (We quantified CHI3L1 in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.)Patients were evaluated for mRS score at admission and at 6 months follow-up.(We recorded the mRS score of the patients at admission and 6 months later.)ResultsCHI3L1 levels in CSF and serum were highly elevated in patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis at admission compared those with the controls.(At admission, patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis had elevated CHI3L1 levels in the CSF and serum.) Additionally, patients presenting with cognitive impairment had significantly higher CSF CHI3L1 levels and mRS scores than those without cognitive impairment symptoms. Patients presenting with only faciobrachial dystonic seizures at admission had lower CSF CHI3L1 levels than those with other symptoms. Finally, CSF CHI3L1 levels were positively correlated with CSF lactate levels.ConclusionCHI3L1 level in CSF is correlated with the severity and prognosis of anti-LGI1 encephalitis. (CSF CHI3L1 levels are correlated with the severity and prognosis of anti-LGI1 encephalitis.

Safety and efficacy of the pan-FGFR inhibitor erdafitinib in advanced urothelial carcinoma and other solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveThis review aimed to comprehensively analyze the safety and efficacy of erdafitinib in treating advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma and other solid tumors.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched until 10 February 2022. The safety outcome as adverse events and efficacy outcomes, including objective response rate, stable disease rates, and progressive disease rates, were selected and analyzed by comprehensive meta-analysis version 3.0 and STATA 15.0.ResultsThe most common all-grade adverse events were hyperphosphatemia, dry mouth, stomatitis, diarrhea, and dysgeusia. The occurrence of ≥3 adverse events was relatively low, and stomatitis and hyponatremia were the most common. Moreover, eye disorders could not be ignored. Efficacy in urothelial carcinoma patients was obviously better than in other solid tumor patients, with a higher objective response rate (0.38 versus 0.10) and lower progressive disease rate (0.26 versus 0.68). All responses occurred in patients with fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) alteration. In those patients, a specific FGFR alteration (FGFR3-TACC3) was observed to have a maximum response.ConclusionErdafitinib has satisfactory clinical activity for metastatic urothelial carcinoma and other solid tumors, while the toxicity is acceptable. With more RCTs and combination therapy trials published, erdafitinib will be applied widely

Comparison of diagnostic efficacy between AFI, NBI, and AFI combined with NBI for colonic cancers: A meta-analysis

Background/Aims: Advanced endoscopic imaging technologies have been used for the early detection and differentiation of colonic cancers recently. We aim to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of autofluorescence imaging (AFI), narrow-band imaging (NBI), and AFI combined with NBI for colonic cancers. Materials and Methods: We searched Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles. A random-effects model was used to assess diagnostic efficacy. Heterogeneity was tested by the I2 statistic and Chi-square test. Meta-regression was used to analyze the sources of heterogeneity. Results: The pooled sensitivities for AFI, NBI, and AFI plus NBI were 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82–0.87), 0.84 (95% CI 0.81–0.86), and 0.93 (95% CI 0.90–0.95), respectively. The pooled specificities were 0.44 (95% CI 0.40–0.48), 0.69 (95% CI 0.65–0.72), and 0.69 (95% CI 0.64–0.74), respectively. The sensitivity estimate was significantly higher for AFI plus NBI than AFI or NBI alone (P = 0.041), and the specificity estimates were significantly higher for NBI and AFI plus NBI than AFI (P = 0.031).The pooled diagnostic odds ratio for AFI, NBI, and AFI plus NBI were 8.71 (95% CI 2.90–26.16), 16.02 (95% CI 7.05–36.39), and 57.55 (95% CI 9.82–337.33), respectively. Furthermore, the summary receiver operating characteristic curve area under the curve for AFI, NBI, and AFI plus NBI were 0.8125 with Q* =0.7469, 0.8696 with Q* =0.8001, and 0.9447 with Q* =0.8835, respectively. The Q* index for AFI plus NBI was significantly higher than AFI or NBI alone (P = 0.048). Conclusion: The combination of AFI and NBI was associated with increased diagnostic value for colonic cancers compared with AFI and NBI alone

A review on the field‐modulated magnetic gears: Development status, potential applications, and existent challenges

Abstract As a type of magnetic device being able to realize contact‐free power transmission together with sufficient volumetric torque density, the field‐modulated magnetic gear (FMMG) has become a promising alternative to the mechanical gear having rigid construction yet suffering lots of issues generated by the continuous teeth friction. The conventional magnetic gears (MGs) that behave as simple copies of their mechanical counterparts and can be roughly defined as origination of the FMMG are briefly introduced at first. Subsequently, the topology and material advancements proposed to improve operational performance of the FMMG are comprehensively summarised so as to clarify its current development status. Finally, potential applications of the FMMG due to its inherent advantages are compared against the existent challenges. The review aims to provide referable guidelines for researchers working at the field of high‐performance MGs

Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor with Asymmetric Rotor for High Torque Performance

Permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMA-SynRM) is a kind of high torque density energy conversion device widely used in modern industry. In this paper, based on the basic topology of PMA-SynRM, a novel PMA-SynRM of asymmetric rotor with position-biased magnet is proposed. The asymmetric rotor design with position-biased magnet realizes the concentration of magnetic field lines in the motor air gap to obtain higher electromagnetic torque, and makes both of magnetic and reluctance torque obtain the peak value at the same current phase angle. The asymmetric rotor configuration is theoretically illustrated by space vector diagram, and the feasibility of high torque performance of the motor is verified. Through the finite element simulation, the effect of the side barrier on output torque and the Mises stress under the rotor asymmetrical design are analyzed. Then the motor characteristics including airgap flux density, back EMF, magnetic torque, reluctance torque, torque ripple, losses, and efficiency are calculated for both the basic and proposed PMA-SynRMs. The results show that the proposed PMA-SynRM has higher torque and efficiency than the basic topology. Moreover, the torque ripple of the proposed PMA-SynRM is reduced by the method with harmonic current injection, and the torque characteristics in the whole current cycle are analyzed. Finally, the endurance to avoid PM demagnetization is confirmed based on the PM remanence calculation

Torque Improvement of Spoke-type Permanent Magnet Motor with Auxiliary Stator Using Harmonic Current Control Strategy

The spoke-type permanent magnet motor with auxiliary stator exhibits high torque performance owing to the flux focus effects. To further improve its torque density, this paper proposes a control method by using harmonic current strategy. Based on the theoretical analysis, a 3-D torque look-up table by dq -axis current and electrical angle is established with the aid of the finite element method (FEM). The maximum torque per ampere curve at each rotor position is identified and summarized to adequately indicate the relationship between torque and current amplitude of the motor. Through theoretical derivation, it is concluded that the minimum torque cost curve is the contour line of ∂Tee/∂i2 , which can be employed to identify the harmonic current for torque density improvement. Compared to traditional strategies, the proposed control strategy can increase torque density of forward and reverse torque by 1.22% and 1.40%, respectively. The experimental results verify the analysis and simulation results, as well as prove the effectiveness of the proposed strategy