Estudio de las afinidades genéticas en clones de Manihot esculenta Crantz de importancia económica para Cuba

The genetic affinity were studied between 12 Cassava clones (Manihot esculenta Crantz) after studying the isozymatical systems: Peroxidase, Phenoloxidase and Carbonic Anhidrase. The MAT-GEN program was used for the analyzing results. All the isozymic systems were polymorphous. The dendrogram showed the formation of four groups, according the phylogenetic relations.Key words: cassava, dendrogram, isozymatical systemSe determinaron las afinidades genéticas entre 12 clones de yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), a partir del estudio de los sistemas isoenzimáticos: Peroxidasas, Polifenoloxidasas y Anhidrasa Carbónica. Se empleó para el análisis de los resultados el programa MAT-GEN. Todos los sistemas enzimáticos estudiados resultaron polimórficos, con el mayor grado para las isoenzimas Anhidrasa Carbónica. El dendrograma mostró la formación de cuatro grupos de acuerdo con las relaciones filogenéticas entre los clones estudiados.Palabras clave: dendrograma, sistemas isoenzimáticos, yuc

Caracterización morfoagronómica de clones de (Manihot esculenta Crantz) obtenidos por cultivo in vitro

Methods for cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) micropropagation have been refined in Cuba; however, few surveys have been carried out on characterization. A set of plants from ‘Señorita’, ‘CEMSA 74-725’ and ‘CMC-76’ clones was characterized. These plants were propagated by traditional methods (cuttings), organogenesis and starting from somatic embryos, so as, to study the genetic stability of the material through morphoagronomic descriptors taking into consideration in vitro culture techniques. 44 descriptors were evaluated and nine quantitative and eight qualitative variables were determined as the most important. Differences (between and within clones) were only detected for quantitative variables: width and length of leaf lobules, length of leaf stalk, total height and height of the first branch, stem number, number of marketable roots per plant, weight of commercial roots and stem thickness. These results obtained in this crop for the first time in Cuba are of great importance for a better knowledge of studied clones and constitute a base for further analysis to validate implemented in vitro culture methods.Key words: morphoagronomic descriptors, genetic stability, cassava, organogenesis, embryogenesisEn Cuba se han puesto a punto metodologías para la micropropagación de la yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), sin embargo poco se ha estudiado sobre la caracterización de los materiales vegetales obtenidos. En este trabajo se realizó la caracterización de un grupo de plantas procedentes de los clones: ‘Señorita’, ‘CEMSA 74-725’ y ‘CMC-76’, propagados por el método tradicional (estacas), por organogénesis y a partir de embriones somáticos con vistas a estudiar, mediante descriptores morfoagronómicos, la estabilidad genética de estos clones teniendo en cuenta las técnicas de cultivo in vitro empleadas. Se evaluaron 44 descriptores y se determinaron nueve variables cuantitativas y ocho cualitativas como las más importantes. Sólo se detectaron diferencias (entre y dentro de clones) para las variables cuantitativas: ancho y longitud del lóbulo de la hoja, longitud del pecíolo, altura total y de la primera ramificación, número de estacas y de raíces comerciales por planta, peso de las raíces comerciales y grosor del tallo. Estos resultados, que por primera vez se obtienen en Cuba en este cultivo, son de gran importancia para un mejor conocimiento de los clones en estudio y sirven como base para otros análisis futuros de validación de las metodologías de cultivo in vitro implementadas.Palabras clave: descriptores morfoagronómicos, embriogénesis, estabilidad genética, organogénesis, yuc

Study of the genetic affinities in Manihot esculenta Crantz clones of economic importance to Cuba

The genetic affinity were studied between 12 Cassava clones (Manihot esculenta Crantz) after studying the isozymatical systems: Peroxidase, Phenoloxidase and Carbonic Anhidrase. The MAT-GEN program was used for the analyzing results. All the isozymic systems were polymorphous. The dendrogram showed the formation of four groups, according the phylogenetic relations. Key words: cassava, dendrogram, isozymatical syste

Evaluación nutricional antropométrica en ancianos. Comportamiento en la hipertensión arterial Anthropometric nutritional evaluation in the elderly. Behavior in arterial hypertension

Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, de corte transversal, en una muestra de la población de 60 a 79 años de edad, de uno y otro sexo, en el área de salud del Policlínico Docente "Van Troi", en el período comprendido entre septiembre de 2002 a junio de 2003. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron determinar su estado nutricional utilizando variables antropométricas como índice de masa corporal estimado, índice cintura-cadera y porcentaje de grasa corporal, haciendo una distinción entre sexos y grupos de edades, así como determinar el estado nutricional en presencia de la hipertensión arterial. Para la obtención de los datos y las mediciones se realizó una entrevista personal y se utilizó la historia de salud familiar e individual. Los resultados arrojaron que la evaluación del estado nutricional por índice de masa corporal estimado, tuvo un predominio en hipertensos del peso aceptable o normal y del sobrepeso en las hipertensas; la estimación del porcentaje de grasa corporal evidenció el predominio de la obesidad en ambos sexos en la hipertensión arterial y la distribución de la grasa en hipertensos es inferior y en hipertensas es superior. A pesar de que se observan variaciones con la edad, solo se presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la distribución de la grasa en hipertensas según el índice cintura- cadera.<br>A descriptive cross-sectional research was carried out in a sample of the population aged 60-79 of both sexes in the health area of "Van Troi" Teaching Polyclinic from September 2002 to June 2003. The objectives of this paper were to determine their nutritional state by using anthropometric variables, such as estimated body mass index, waist-hip index and body fat percentage, making a distinction between sexes and age groups, and to find out the nutritional state in the presence of arterial hypertension. To obtain data and measurements, a personal interview was made and the family and individual medical histories were used. The results showed that the evaluation of the nutritional state by estimated body mass index prevailed in the male hypertensive with normal or acceptable weight and in the overweight female hypertensive. The estimation of the body fat percentage evidenced the predominance of obesity in both sexes in arterial hypertension. The distribution of fat in male hypertensive patients is lower, whereas among the hypertensive females it is higher. In spite of the fact that variations were observed with age, there were only statistically significant differences in fat distribution in the female hypertensive according to the waist-hip index

Morphoagronomic characterization of (Manihot esculenta Crantz) clones obtained by in vitro culture

Methods for cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) micropropagation have been refined in Cuba; however, few surveys have been carried out on characterization. A set of plants from ‘Señorita’, ‘CEMSA 74-725’ and ‘CMC-76’ clones was characterized. These plants were propagated by traditional methods (cuttings), organogenesis and starting from somatic embryos, so as, to study the genetic stability of the material through morphoagronomic descriptors taking into consideration in vitro culture techniques. 44 descriptors were evaluated and nine quantitative and eight qualitative variables were determined as the most important. Differences (between and within clones) were only detected for quantitative variables: width and length of leaf lobules, length of leaf stalk, total height and height of the first branch, stem number, number of marketable roots per plant, weight of commercial roots and stem thickness. These results obtained in this crop for the first time in Cuba are of great importance for a better knowledge of studied clones and constitute a base for further analysis to validate implemented in vitro culture methods. Key words: morphoagronomic descriptors, genetic stability, cassava, organogenesis, embryogenesi