1,484 research outputs found
Controllable coupling between a nanomechanical resonator and a coplanar-waveguide resonator via a superconducting flux qubit
We study a tripartite quantum system consisting of a coplanar-waveguide (CPW)
resonator and a nanomechanical resonator (NAMR) connected by a flux qubit,
where the flux qubit has a large detuning from both resonators. By a unitray
transformation and a second-order approximation, we obtain a strong and
controllable (i.e., magnetic-field-dependent) effective coupling between the
NAMR and the CPW resonator. Due to the strong coupling, vacuum Rabi splitting
can be observed from the voltage-fluctuation spectrum of the CPW resonator. We
further study the properties of single photon transport as inferred from the
reflectance or equivalently the transmittance. We show that the reflectance and
the corresponding phase shift spectra both exhibit doublet of narrow spectral
features due to vacuum Rabi splitting. By tuning the external magnetic field,
the reflectance and the phase shift can be varied from 0 to 1 and to
, respectively. The results indicate that this hybrid quantum system can
act as a quantum router.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
Reward Teaching for Federated Multi-armed Bandits
Most of the existing federated multi-armed bandits (FMAB) designs are based
on the presumption that clients will implement the specified design to
collaborate with the server. In reality, however, it may not be possible to
modify the clients' existing protocols. To address this challenge, this work
focuses on clients who always maximize their individual cumulative rewards, and
introduces a novel idea of ``reward teaching'', where the server guides the
clients towards global optimality through implicit local reward adjustments.
Under this framework, the server faces two tightly coupled tasks of bandit
learning and target teaching, whose combination is non-trivial and challenging.
A phased approach, called Teaching-After-Learning (TAL), is first designed to
encourage and discourage clients' explorations separately. General performance
analyses of TAL are established when the clients' strategies satisfy certain
mild requirements. With novel technical approaches developed to analyze the
warm-start behaviors of bandit algorithms, particularized guarantees of TAL
with clients running UCB or epsilon-greedy strategies are then obtained. These
results demonstrate that TAL achieves logarithmic regrets while only incurring
logarithmic adjustment costs, which is order-optimal w.r.t. a natural lower
bound. As a further extension, the Teaching-While-Learning (TWL) algorithm is
developed with the idea of successive arm elimination to break the non-adaptive
phase separation in TAL. Rigorous analyses demonstrate that when facing clients
with UCB1, TWL outperforms TAL in terms of the dependencies on sub-optimality
gaps thanks to its adaptive design. Experimental results demonstrate the
effectiveness and generality of the proposed algorithms.Comment: Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Signal Processin
5-(2-Methyl-5-nitrophenyl)-1H-tetrazole
In the title compound, C8H7N5O2, the benzene ring makes a dihedral angle of 45.7 (2)° with the tetrazole ring. In the crystal structure, the molecules are linked into a chain running along the a axis by N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, and the chains are linked through π–π interactions between the tetrazole rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.450 (2) Å]
N-(1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-yl)pyridine-2-carboxamide
In the structure of the title compound, C8H7N5O, the pyridine ring and the imidazole ring are nearly coplanar, making a dihedral angle of 2.97 (15)°. An intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal molecules are connected by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions between neighboring imidazole rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.5842 (5) Å and off-set angle = 21.77°], leading to the formation of a two-dimensional supramolecular sheet
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