ICOSLG-associated immunological landscape and diagnostic value in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective cohort study

Background: We previously reported that stroma cells regulate constitutive and inductive PD-L1 (B7-H1) expression and immune escape of oral squamous cell carcinoma. ICOSLG (B7-H2), belongs to the B7 protein family, also participates in regulating T cells activation for tissue homeostasis via binding to ICOS and inducing ICOS+ T cell differentiation as well as stimulate B-cell activation, while it appears to be abnormally expressed during carcinogenesis. Clarifying its heterogeneous clinical expression pattern and its immune landscape is a prerequisite for the maximum response rate of ICOSLG-based immunotherapy in a specific population.Methods: This retrospective study included OSCC tissue samples (n = 105) to analyze the spatial distribution of ICOSLG. Preoperative peripheral blood samples (n = 104) and independent tissue samples (n = 10) of OSCC were collected to analyze the changes of immunocytes (T cells, B cells, NK cells and macrophages) according to ICOSLG level in different cellular contents.Results: ICOSLG is ubiquitous in tumor cells (TCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Patients with high ICOSLGTCs or TILs showed high TNM stage and lymph node metastasis, which predicted a decreased overall or metastasis-free survival. This sub-cohort was featured with diminished CD4+ T cells and increased Foxp3+ cells in invasive Frontier in situ, and increased absolute numbers of CD3+CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood. ICOSLG also positively correlated with other immune checkpoint molecules (PD-L1, CSF1R, CTLA4, IDO1, IL10, PD1).Conclusion: Tumor cell-derived ICOSLG could be an efficient marker of OSCC patient stratification for precision immunotherapy

Phenotypic and functional alteration of CD45+ immune cells in the decidua of preeclampsia patients analyzed by mass cytometry (CyTOF)

Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe placenta-related pregnancy disease that has been associated with maternal systemic inflammation and immune system disorders. However, the distribution and functional changes in immune cells of the maternal–placental interface have not been well characterized. Herein, cytometry by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CyTOF) was used to investigate the immune atlas at the decidua, which was obtained from four PE patients and four healthy controls. Six superclusters were identified, namely, T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, granulocytes, and others. B cells were significantly decreased in the PE group, among which the reduction in CD27+CD38+ regulatory B cell (Breg)-like cells may stimulate immune activation in PE. The significantly increased migration of B cells could be linked to the significantly overexpressed chemokine C-X-C receptor 5 (CXCR5) in the PE group, which may result in the production of excessive autoantibodies and the pathogenesis of PE. A subset of T cells, CD11c+CD8+ T cells, was significantly decreased in PE and might lead to sustained immune activation in PE patients. NK cells were ultimately separated into four subsets. The significant reduction in a novel subset of NK cells (CD56-CD49a-CD38+) in PE might have led to the failure to suppress inflammation at the maternal–fetal interface during PE progression. Moreover, the expression levels of functional markers were significantly altered in the PE group, which also inferred that shifts in the decidual immune state contributed to the development of PE and might serve as potential treatment targets. This is a worthy attempt to elaborate the differences in the phenotype and function of CD45+ immune cells in the decidua between PE and healthy pregnancies by CyTOF, which contributes to understand the pathogenesis of PE, and the altered cell subsets and markers may inspire the immune modulatory therapy for PE

On homological classification of pomonoids by GP-po-flatness of S-posets

In this paper, we introduce GP-po-flatness property of S-posets over a pomonoid S, which lies strictly between principal weak po-flatness and po-torsion freeness. Furthermore, we investigate the homological classification problems of pomonoids by using this new property. Finally, we consider direct products of GP-po-flat S-posets. As an application, characterizations of pomonoids over which direct products of nonempty families of principally weakly po-flat S-posets are principally weakly po-flat are obtained, and some results of Khosravi, R. in a certain extent are generalized

Random two-frame interferometry based on deep learning

A two-frame phase-shifting interferometric wavefront reconstruction method based on deep learning is proposed. By learning from a large number of simulation data based on a physical model, the wrapped phase can be calculated accurately from two interferograms with an unknown phase step. The phase step can be any value excluding the integral multiples of and the size of interferograms can be flexible. This method does not need a pre-filtering to subtract the direct-current term, but only needs a simple normalization. Comparing with other two-frame methods in both simulations and experiments, the proposed method can achieve better performance. (C) 2020 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing AgreementOpen access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Influencing factors of eye movement patterns in facial expression recognition

Currently, eye-tracking technique in facial expression recognition has been attracting a lot of interest because of its high sensitivity in tracking the movement of fixations and the advantage of high temporal resolution. Previous studies have shown that the eye movement pattern of facial expression recognition is affected by many factors, however, systematic review of relevant studies and their influencing factors is limited. This paper summarizes the influencing factors of eye movement pattern in facial expression recognition, and suggests that the eye movement pattern is mainly influenced by facial configural information, cognition factors and emotion recognition disorder factors. Combined with these three factors, this paper points out the problems and provides suggestions for future research

Study on the Selection of Comminution Circuits for a Magnetite Ore in Eastern Hebei, China

Standard drop weight, SMC, and Bond ball work index tests have been conducted to investigate the comminution circuit of a magnetite ore located in Eastern Hebei, China. In addition, simulations based on JKSimMet and Morrell models have been performed to compare the specific energy consumption of various comminution circuits. According to the desired capacity and the ore communition characteristics observed, a simulation was conducted to determine the size and driving power of the grinding mills. The SMC and Bond ball work index experiments as well as the Morrell model indicated that the order of the specific energy consumption of comminution was “Jaw crusher + HPGR mill + ball mill” < “Jaw crusher + ball mill”< “SAG mill + ball mill”

Highly Accurate Estimation of Cell Type Abundance in Bulk Tissues Based on Single‐Cell Reference and Domain Adaptive Matching

Abstract Accurately identifies the cellular composition of complex tissues, which is critical for understanding disease pathogenesis, early diagnosis, and prevention. However, current methods for deconvoluting bulk RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) typically rely on matched single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) as a reference, which can be limiting due to differences in sequencing distribution and the potential for invalid information from single‐cell references. Hence, a novel computational method named SCROAM is introduced to address these challenges. SCROAM transforms scRNA‐seq and bulk RNA‐seq into a shared feature space, effectively eliminating distributional differences in the latent space. Subsequently, cell‐type‐specific expression matrices are generated from the scRNA‐seq data, facilitating the precise identification of cell types within bulk tissues. The performance of SCROAM is assessed through benchmarking against simulated and real datasets, demonstrating its accuracy and robustness. To further validate SCROAM's performance, single‐cell and bulk RNA‐seq experiments are conducted on mouse spinal cord tissue, with SCROAM applied to identify cell types in bulk tissue. Results indicate that SCROAM is a highly effective tool for identifying similar cell types. An integrated analysis of liver cancer and primary glioblastoma is then performed. Overall, this research offers a novel perspective for delivering precise insights into disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies

Construction and Transition Metal Oxide Loading of Hierarchically Porous Carbon Aerogels

Hierarchically porous carbon aerogels (CAs) were prepared by organic condensation gelation method combined with atmospheric drying and pore-formation technology, followed by a carbonization process. With as-prepared CAs as substrate, the transition metal oxide nanoparticles loaded CAs composites (MnO2/Mn2O3@CA and Ni/NiO@CA) were achieved by means of liquid etching method combined with heat treatment, respectively. The catalyst, pore-forming agent and etching have important roles on the apparent density and pore structure of CAs. The hydrochloric acid (catalyst) significantly accelerates the gelation process and influences the size and distribution of macropores, whereas the addition of PEG2000 (pore-forming agent) and the etching of liquid solution leads to the formation of mesopore structure in CAs. Appropriate amounts of hydrochloric acid and PEG2000 allow the formation of hierarchically porous CAs with a BET surface area of 482.9 m2·g−1 and a macropore size of 11.3 μm. After etching and loading, the framework of CAs is etched to become a mesoporous structure, and the transition metal oxide nanoparticles can be uniformly loaded in CAs. These resultant composites have promising application in super capacitor, electrocatalysis, batteries and other fields

Secure Data Aggregation Mechanism based on Constrained Supervision for Wireless Sensor Network

The data aggregation process of wireless sensor networks faces serious security problems. In order to defend the internal attacks launched by captured nodes and ensure the reliability of data aggregation, a secure data aggregation mechanism based on constrained supervision is proposed for wireless sensor network, which uses the advanced LEACH clustering method to select cluster heads. Then the cluster heads supervise the behaviors of cluster members and evaluate the trust values of nodes according to the communication behavior, data quality and residual energy. Then the node with the highest trust value is selected as the supervisor node to audit the cluster head and reject nodes with low trust values. Results show that the proposed mechanism can effectively identify the unreliable nodes, guarantee the system security and prolong the network life time

Determination of Structural Requirements of N-Substituted Tetrahydro-β-Carboline Imidazolium Salt Derivatives Using in Silico Approaches for Designing MEK-1 Inhibitors

Novel N-substituted tetrahydro-β-carboline imidazolium salt derivatives proved to have potent antitumor activity in past research. The Topomer CoMFA and CoMSIA function in Sybyl-X 2.0 software was applied for the identification of important features of N-substituted tetrahydro-β-carboline-imidazolium salt derivative moieties. In the case of Topomer CoMFA, all the compounds were split into two fragments which were used to generate a 3D invariant representation, the statistical results of the Topomer CoMFA model: q2 value of 0.700; r2 value of 0.954; with 5 optimum components. The database alignment was utilized for building the CoMSIA model, and the CoMSIA model had q2 and r2 values of 0.615 and 0.897, with 4 optimum components. Target fishing of the PharmMapper platform was utilised for finding potential targets, the human mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MEK-1) was found to be the primary potential target for the three compounds with the fit scores of 6.288, 5.741, and 6.721. The molecular docking technique of MOE 2015 was carried out to identify the interactions of amino acids surrounding the ligand, and correlating QASR contour maps were used to identify structural requirements of N-substituted tetrahydro-β-carboline imidazolium salt moieties. Molecular dynamics and simulation studies proved that the target protein was stable for 0.8–5 ns. The pivotal moieties of N-substituted tetrahydro-β-carboline imidazolium salt derivatives and its potential targets were verified by the QASR study, PharmMapper, and the molecular docking study which would be helpful to design novel MEK-1 inhibitors for anticancer drugs