Genetic prediction of the causal relationship between schizophrenia and tumors: a Mendelian randomized study

BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia are at a higher risk of developing cancer. However, the causal relationship between schizophrenia and different tumor types remains unclear.MethodsUsing a two-sample, two-way Mendelian randomization method, we used publicly available genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) aggregate data to study the causal relationship between schizophrenia and different cancer risk factors. These tumors included lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, small-cell lung cancer, gastric cancer, alcohol-related hepatocellular cancer, tumors involving the lungs, breast, thyroid gland, pancreas, prostate, ovaries and cervix, endometrium, colon and colorectum, and bladder. We used the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method to determine the causal relationship between schizophrenia and different tumor risk factors. In addition, we conducted a sensitivity test to evaluate the effectiveness of the causality.ResultsAfter adjusting for heterogeneity, evidence of a causal relationship between schizophrenia and lung cancer risk was observed (odds ratio [OR]=1.001, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.000–1.001; P=0.0155). In the sensitivity analysis, the causal effect of schizophrenia on the risk of lung cancer was consistent in both direction and degree. However, no evidence of causality or reverse causality between schizophrenia and other tumors was found.ConclusionThis study elucidated a causal relationship between the genetic predictors of schizophrenia and the risk of lung cancer, thereby providing a basis for the prevention, pathogenesis, and treatment of schizophrenia in patients with lung cancer

FBXO5 acts as a novel prognostic biomarker for patients with cervical cancer

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) remains one of the most common and deadly malignancies in women worldwide. FBXO5, a protein-coding gene, is highly expressed in a variety of primary tumors and promotes tumor progression, however, its role and prognostic value in CC remain largely unknown.Methods: A key differential gene, FBXO5, was screened according to WGCNA based on immunohistochemical assays of clinical samples, multiple analyses of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, including survival analysis, tumor mutational burden, GO, KEGG, tumor immune infiltration, and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity, to explore the expression and prognostic value of FBXO5 in CC. The migration and invasiveness of cervical cancer cells following FBXO5 knockdown and overexpression were examined using wound healing and transwell assays, and the viability of cancer cells was assessed using CCK8 and EdU assays.Results:FBXO5 was discovered to be substantially expressed in CC tissues using data from our CC cohort and the TCGA database, and a survival analysis indicated FBXO5 as a predictive factor for poor overall survival in CC patients. In vitro, CC cells were more inclined to proliferate, migrate, and invade when FBXO5 was upregulated as opposed to when it was knocked down

Transient receptor potential channels’ genes forecast cervical cancer outcomes and illuminate its impact on tumor cells

Introduction: In recent years, there has been a strong association between transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and the development of various malignancies, drug resistance, and resistance to radiotherapy. Consequently, we have investigated the relationship between transient receptor potential channels and cervical cancer from multiple angles.Methods: Patients’ mRNA expression profiles and gene variants were obtained from the TCGA database. Key genes in transient receptor potential channel prognosis-related genes (TRGs) were screened using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method, and a risk signature was constructed based on the expression of key genes. Various analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic significance, biological functions, immune infiltration, and response to immunotherapy based on the risk signature.Results: Our research reveals substantial differences between high and low-risk groups in prognosis, tumor microenvironment, tumor mutational load, immune infiltration, and response to immunotherapy. Patients in the high-risk group exhibited poorer prognosis, lower tumor microenvironment scores and reduced response to immunotherapy while showing increased sensitivity to specific targeted drugs. In vitro experiments further illustrated that inhibiting transient receptor potential channels effectively decreased the proliferation, invasion, and migration of cervical cancer cells.Discussion: This study highlights the significant potential of transient receptor potential channels in cervical cancer, emphasizing their crucial role in prognostic prediction and personalized treatment strategies. The combination of TRP inhibitors with immunotherapy and targeted drugs may offer promise for individuals affected by cervical cancer

Effects of Different Conditions of Water Cooling at High Temperature on the Tensile Strength and Split Surface Roughness Characteristics of Hot Dry Rock

To investigate the effects of the different conditions of water cooling at high temperature on the tensile strength and split surface roughness characteristics of hot dry rock in the Songliao Basin, the physical characteristics, tensile strength, and split surface roughness of granite under different conditions of water cooling at high temperature were studied. In addition, the relationship between tensile strength and split surface roughness under different conditions of water cooling at high temperature was established. The results showed the following: (1) as the rock temperature increased, the number of water injection cycles increased or the water injection temperature decreased, the mechanical properties of the specimen weakened, and the roughness of the split surface increased. The threshold for the effect of the rock temperature on the split surface roughness of granite was 300°C. At 400°C, the tensile strength greatly decreased. At 600°C, the tensile strength, height mean square error (MSE), fluctuation difference, roughness coefficient, and roughness profile index of the specimen were 0.21, 2.51, 2.57, 8.92, and 1.06 times those at 100°C, respectively. After five heating-cooling cycles, the tensile strength, height MSE, fluctuation difference, roughness coefficient, and roughness profile index of the specimen were 0.57, 1.33, 1.49, 1.29, and 1.01 times those after one cycle, respectively. (2) The roughness angle calculated using the root mean square of the first derivative of the profile was always greater than that derived using the roughness profile index. In addition, the higher the temperature, the lower the water temperature, the more high-temperature-water cooling cycles, the greater the difference between the above two calculations. (3) When the tensile strength varies, the factors affecting the variation in the height MSE and surface roughness were in the following descending order: rock temperature, number of heating-cooling cycles, and water temperature. In addition, the higher the tensile strength, the lower the roughness coefficient. This study is expected to provide a reference for the selection of different conditions of water cooling at high temperature for thermal recovery in the Songliao Basin

Wind Tunnel Tests and Numerical Simulations of Wind-Induced Snow Drift in an Open Stadium and Gymnasium

A long-span sports centre generally comprises multiple stadiums and gymnasiums, for which mutual interference effects of wind-induced snow motion are not explicitly included in the specifications of various countries. This problem is addressed herein by performing wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations to investigate the snow distribution and mutual interference effect on the roofs of long-span stadiums and gymnasiums. The wind tunnel tests were used to analyse the influences of the opening direction (0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°) and spacing (0.3 L, 0.5 L, 1 L, 1.5 L, 2 L, and 2.5 L, where L is the gymnasium span) of the stadium and gymnasium. The wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations were used to analyse the influence of the wind direction angle (from 0° to 315°, there are a total of eight groups in 45° intervals). The following results were obtained. The stadium opening had a significant effect on the snow distribution on the surface of the two structures. An even snow distribution was obtained when the stadium opened directly facing the gymnasium, which corresponded to the safest condition for the structures’ surfaces. As the spacing between the buildings increased, the interference effect between the two structures was reduced. The interference was negligible for a spacing of 2 L. The stadium had the most significant amplification interference effect on the gymnasium for a wind direction angle of 45°, which was extremely unfavourable to the safety of the structure. The most favourable wind direction angle was 270°, where there were both amplification interference and blockage interference

Region matching based on colour invariants in rgb orthogonal space

Illumination influences the performance of region feature matching based on a grey image. A novel region‐matching algorithm based on the colour invariants and colour‐invariant moments in rgb orthogonal colour space is proposed. First, a colour image is converted in RGB colour space to rgb orthogonal colour space that has colour invariance. Second, the colour invariants H and Cλ are calculated. Then, the maximally stable extremal region is extracted from the colour invariants and the colour‐invariant moments are computed. Finally, the nearest neighbour method is used to find corresponding regions. The proposed method can take advantage of both the colour and geometric properties of the images to solve the problem of illumination influences. Experimental results from the Amsterdam Library of Object Images database and images captured on the Beijing Forestry University campus show that performance of the proposed algorithm is better than that of prior art methods

Complete mitogenome and phylogenetic analysis of the tropical rocky shore crab Grapsus albolineatus (Lamarck, 1818) (Crustacea: Grapsoidea)

In this study, the complete mitogenome of Grapsus albolineatus (Lamarck, 1818) (Crustacea: Grapsoidea) was sequenced. The mitogenome of G. albolineatus was a circular molecule with 15,578 bp length. Its nucleotide composition was 26.81% A, 16.37% G, 34.51% T, and 22.31% C. It comprised 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA), and two ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All PCGs were initiated by ATN codons, except for the atp8 and nad1 genes. Ten PCGs used a common stop codon of TAA or TAG, and the other three ended with a truncated stop codon (a single stop nucleotide T). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that G. albolineatus was closely related to species from the genera Pachygrapsus and Metopograpsus