2,264 research outputs found
Line digraphs and coreflexive vertex sets
The concept of coreflexive set is introduced to study the structure of
digraphs. New characterizations of line digraphs and nth-order line digraphs
are given. Coreflexive sets also lead to another natural way of forming an
intersection digraph from a given digraph.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
A Regularized Newton Method for Computing Ground States of Bose-Einstein condensates
In this paper, we propose a regularized Newton method for computing ground
states of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), which can be formulated as an
energy minimization problem with a spherical constraint. The energy functional
and constraint are discretized by either the finite difference, or sine or
Fourier pseudospectral discretization schemes and thus the original infinite
dimensional nonconvex minimization problem is approximated by a finite
dimensional constrained nonconvex minimization problem. Then an initial
solution is first constructed by using a feasible gradient type method, which
is an explicit scheme and maintains the spherical constraint automatically. To
accelerate the convergence of the gradient type method, we approximate the
energy functional by its second-order Taylor expansion with a regularized term
at each Newton iteration and adopt a cascadic multigrid technique for selecting
initial data. It leads to a standard trust-region subproblem and we solve it
again by the feasible gradient type method. The convergence of the regularized
Newton method is established by adjusting the regularization parameter as the
standard trust-region strategy. Extensive numerical experiments on challenging
examples, including a BEC in three dimensions with an optical lattice potential
and rotating BECs in two dimensions with rapid rotation and strongly repulsive
interaction, show that our method is efficient, accurate and robust.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figure
Stakeholder orientation and organizational performance in an emerging market
There has been research that studies Chinese firms’ stakeholder orientation but fails to identify Chinese firms’ specific stakeholder groups. In addition, little research in this line has been conducted so far to reflect recent Chinese constitutional transition. This study seeks to fill these gaps. It extends previous studies assuming that a fixed set of stakeholders is suitable for firms in different countries context, and identifies Chinese firms’ key stakeholder groups by adopting the descriptive approach of stakeholder theory. Based on this identification, the authors further examine how these stakeholder orientations influence organizational performance and how they interact. Interviews with managers from 107 firms show that customer, employee, shareholder, supplier, and competitors are perceived as Chinese firms’ most important stakeholders; empirical studies using data collected from 307 Chinese firms reveal that orientations towards these stakeholders enhance organizational performance. Moreover, there are synergy effects existing among customer orientation, supplier orientation, and competitor orientation, and between customer orientation and competitor orientation, while shareholder orientation has significant hindering effects upon competitor orientation as a reflection of recent institutional changes taking place in China
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