Exchange Rates and Competition for FDI

FDI, exchange rate, China, ASEAN-4

Unitarity Quadrangles of Four Neutrino Mixing

We present a classification of the unitarity quadrangles in the four-neutrino mixing scheme. We find that there are totally thirty-six distinct topologies among twelve different unitarity quadrangles. Concise relations are established between the areas of those unitarity quadrangles and the rephasing invariants of CP and $T$ violation.Comment: RevTex 10 pages. Minor changes made. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Roles of Online Ratings for Multihoming on O2O Platforms

This paper studies the role of online ratings for the choice of multihoming on third-party O2O platforms. Specifically, the work investigates the main effect of online ratings and its interaction with operation duration and the number of screens. An ordered logit model is employed with a sample of 1902 cinemas multihoming on O2O platforms. The findings show that online ratings have significantly positive impact on platform multihoming. A cinema’ s operation duration negatively moderates the relationship between online ratings and platform multihoming, while its number of screens positively moderates the relationship. Implications of the findings are discussed

Polygonal vortex beams in quasi-frequency-degenerate states

We originally demonstrate the vortex beams with patterns of closed polygons [namely polygonal vortex beams (PVBs)] generated by a quasi-frequency-degenerate (QFD) Yb:CALGO laser resonator with astigmatic transformation. The PVBs with peculiar patterns of triangular, square, and parallelogram shapes carrying large orbital angular momentums (OAMs) are theoretically investigated and experimentally obtained in the vicinity of the SU(2) degenerate states of laser resonator. The PVBs in QFD states are compared with the vortex beams with patterns of isolated spots arrays located on the triangle-, square-, and parallelogram-shaped routes [namely polygonalspots-array vortex beams (PSA-VBs)] under normal SU(2) degenerate states. Beam profile shape of PVB or PSA-VB and OAM can be controlled by adjusting the cavity length and the position of pump spot. The simulated and experimental results validate the performance of our method to generate PVB, which is of great potential for promoting novel technologies in particle trapping and beam shaping

Exchange rates and competition for FDI

This paper analyses the role of exchange rates in the competition for FDI. Based on the assumption that two countries compete for FDI from the same source country, the paper shows explicitly that the relative FDI of one country is determined by the relative real exchange rate between its currency and that of the source country. The theoretical result suggests that, if the currency of one FDI recipient country appreciates against the source country more than that of its rival, its FDI inflows will decrease while the competing country’s FDI will increase. Using data on Japan’s FDI in nine Asian manufacturing sectors from 1981 to 2002, the paper also examines the theoretical conclusion in the context of the competition between China and ASEAN-4 (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand). Empirical results show that the relative exchange rate is a statistically significant factor determining the relative inflows of Japanese FDI for manufacturing as a whole and for such sub-sectors as textiles, food, electronics, transportation equipment, and others. Exchange rate polices of the ASEAN-4 countries played a critical role in dynamically reshaping the geographic distribution of Japan’s FDI in Asia. – FDI ; exchange rate ; China ; ASEAN-

Online-to-offline (O2O) Platforms, Proprietary Platforms and Firm Performance

This paper studies the impact of O2O (Online-to-offline) platforms on the performance of participating firms. Specifically, the study uses a sample of 3406 cinemas to investigate the moderating effect of O2O platforms, particularly proprietary platforms, on the relationship between cinemas’ resources and their performance. Resources are measured in two dimensions. One dimension is physical resources, measured by the number of seats, while the other dimension is intangible resources, measured by the operating duration of a cinema. The findings show that both O2O platforms and proprietary platforms have significantly positive impact on the relationship between the number of seats and firm performance. O2O platforms negatively moderate the relationship between duration and firm performance, while proprietary platforms positively moderate the relationship. Implications of the findings are discussed

The moderating role of demand-side usage of O2O platforms and offline competition intensity for the outcome of proprietary platforms

Online to offline (O2O) platforms have risen in the digital era and have produced great impacts on local service providers. How online and offline attributes of local service firms influence the outcome of establishing proprietary platforms is understudied. The paper takes 528 cinemas in Nanjing from June 2017 to September 2017 as a sample. Based on network effects and the red queen theory, this paper focuses on the moderating effect of competition intensity and the demand-side usage of O2O platforms on the relationship between the choice of proprietary platforms and cinemas’ performance. The findings show that competition intensity has a significantly positive moderating effect, while the demand-side usage of O2O platforms has a significantly negative moderating effect. Implications of the findings are discussed

Product Diversity and Firm Performance on O2O Platforms

This paper studies the decision of product diversity by firms on digital platforms, and the impact of the decisions on the performance of the firms. Specifically, we take the cinema as the unit of analysis, and study the influence of the diversity of movie scheduling on cinema performance in the context of O2O (online-to-offline) platforms. The results show that the diversity of movie scheduling has a significant negative impact on box office revenues and attendance. The ratio of consumers’ adoption of O2O platforms significantly and negatively moderates the main effect. That is, the higher the online ratio is, the weaker the influence of movie-scheduling diversity on cinema performance. Implications of findings are discussed