Nanofabrication by magnetic focusing of supersonic beams

We present a new method for nanoscale atom lithography. We propose the use of a supersonic atomic beam, which provides an extremely high-brightness and cold source of fast atoms. The atoms are to be focused onto a substrate using a thin magnetic film, into which apertures with widths on the order of 100 nm have been etched. Focused spot sizes near or below 10 nm, with focal lengths on the order of 10 microns, are predicted. This scheme is applicable both to precision patterning of surfaces with metastable atomic beams and to direct deposition of material.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Leptogenesis in Neutrino Textures with Two Zeros

The leptogenesis is studied in the neutrino textures with two zeros, which reduce the number of independent phases of the CP violation. The phenomenological favored neutrino textures with two zeros are decomposed into the Dirac neutrino mass matrix and the right-handed Majorana one in the see-saw mechanism. Putting the condition to suppress the $\mu \to e\gamma$ decay enough, the texture zeros of the Dirac neutrino mass matrix are fixed in the framework of the MSSM with right-handed neutrinos. These textures have only one CP violatig phase. The magnitude of each entry of the Dirac mass matrix is determined in order to explain the baryon asymmetry of the universe by solving the Boltzman equations. The relation between the leptogenesis and the low energy CP violation is presented in these textures.Comment: Latex file with 20 pages, 6 eps figure

The ionic liquid [EMIM]OAc as a solvent to fabricate stable polybenzimidazole membranes for organic solvent nanofiltration

10.1039/c3gc41634hGreen Chemistry1631383-1392GRCH

Fabrication of porous and interconnected PBI/P84 ultrafiltration membranes using [EMIM]OAc as the green solvent

10.1016/j.ces.2012.10.004Chemical Engineering Science87194-203CESC

Molecular interactions between polybenzimidazole and [EMIM]OAc, and derived ultrafiltration membranes for protein separation

10.1039/c2gc35134jGreen Chemistry1451405-1412GRCH

Dynamic analysis and field investigation of a fluidized landslide in Guanling, Guizhou, China

On June 28, 2010, a large catastrophic landslide was triggered by a heavy rainfall in Guanling, Guizhou, China. This catastrophic event destroyed two villages and caused 99 casualties. The landslide involved the failure of about 985, 000 m[3] of sandstone from the source area. The displaced materials traveled about 1300 m with a descent of about 400 m, covering an area of 129, 000 m2 with the final volume being accumulated to be 1, 840, 000 m[3], approximately. To provide information for hazard zonation of similar type of landslides in the same area, we used a dynamic model (DAN3D) to simulate the runout behavior of the displaced landslide materials, and found that a combined frictional–Vollemy model could provide the best performance in simulating this landslide and the runout is precisely duplicated with a dynamic friction angle (ϕ) of 30° and a pore pressure ratio (ru) of 0.55 for the materials at the source area and with Vollemy parameters of friction coefficient f = 0.1 (dimensionless) and turbulent coefficient ξ = 400 m/s[2]. The simulated results indicated that the duration of the movement is estimated at about 60 s for a mean velocity 23 m/s. To examine the effectiveness of simulation by means of DAN3D and also to evaluate the reactivation potential of these displaced landslide materials depositing on the valley, we used electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method to survey the depth and internal structure of landslide deposits. The ERT results showed that DAN3D gave a good prediction on the shape and runout distance of the landslide deposits, although the predicted maximum depths of landslide deposit on some areas were differing from those obtained by ERT method

Effect of annealing on properties of carbonaceous materials. Part II: porosity and pore geometry

The pore structure of carbonaceous materials was studied using image analysis. The effect of annealing on the porosity and pore geometry of cokes, chars, and pyrolyzed coals (laboratory chars) was examined in the temperature range of 973 K to 1773 K (700 C to 1500 C). The porosity of chars and pyrolyzed coals significantly increased during annealing at temperatures below 1373 K (1100 C) due to volatile matter release. Further increasing of the annealing temperature from 1373 K to 1773 K (1100 C to 1500 C) caused marginal porosity evolution. The porosity of cokes was not affected by annealing at temperatures below 1573 K (1300 C) and slightly increased in the temperature range 1573 to 1773 K (1300 C to 1500 C). The increase in the porosity of chars and pyrolyzed coals during annealing at temperatures 1373 K to 1773 K (1100 C to 1500 C), and cokes at 1573 K to 1773 K (1300 C to 1500 C), was a result of reactions with oxides of their mineral phases. Annealing had a marginal effect on the pore shape (Feret ratio) of carbonaceous materials, but enlarged the pore size of chars and pyrolyzed coals and decreased their pore density