1,552 research outputs found
A convenient basis for the Izergin-Korepin model
We propose a convenient orthogonal basis of the Hilbert space for the
Izergin-Korepin model (or the quantum spin chain associated with the
algebra). It is shown that the monodromy-matrix elements acting
on the basis take relatively simple forms (c.f. acting on the original basis ),
which is quite similar as that in the so-called F-basis for the quantum spin
chains associated with -type (super)algebras. As an application, we present
the recursive expressions of Bethe states in the basis for the Izergin-Korepin
model.Comment: 24 pages, no figure
Excess caffeine exposure impairs eye development during chick embryogenesis
Caffeine has been an integral component of our diet and medicines for centuries. It is now known that over consumption of caffeine has detrimental effects on our health, and also disrupts normal foetal development in pregnant mothers. In this study, we investigated the potential teratogenic effect of caffeine over-exposure on eye development in the early chick embryo. Firstly, we demonstrated that caffeine exposure caused chick embryos to develop asymmetrical microphthalmia and induced the orbital bone to develop abnormally. Secondly, caffeine exposure perturbed Pax6 expression in the retina of the developing eye. In addition, it perturbed the migration of HNK-1(+) cranial neural crest cells. Pax6 is an important gene that regulates eye development, so altering the expression of this gene might be the cause for the abnormal eye development. Thirdly, we found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was significantly increased in eye tissues following caffeine treatment, and that the addition of anti-oxidant vitamin C could rescue the eyes from developing abnormally in the presence of caffeine. This suggests that excess ROS induced by caffeine is one of the mechanisms involved in the teratogenic alterations observed in the eye during embryogenesis. In sum, our experiments in the chick embryo demonstrated that caffeine is a potential teratogen. It causes asymmetrical microphthalmia to develop by increasing ROS production and perturbs Pax6 expression
Bethe states of the trigonometric SU(3) spin chain with generic open boundaries
By combining the algebraic Bethe ansatz and the off-diagonal Bethe ansatz, we
investigate the trigonometric SU(3) model with generic open boundaries. The
eigenvalues of the transfer matrix are given in terms of an inhomogeneous T-Q
relation, and the corresponding eigenstates are expressed in terms of nested
Bethe-type eigenstates which have well-defined homogeneous limit. This exact
solution provides a basis for further analyzing the thermodynamic properties
and correlation functions of the anisotropic models associated with higher rank
algebras.Comment: 17 pages, 3 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1705.0947
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